Knowledge Tree
Relations (1)
related 3.00 — strongly supporting 7 facts
The Houthi movement and the Popular Mobilization Forces are both identified as key members of the Iran-led 'Axis of Resistance' coalition [1] and function as part of Iran's broader proxy network in the Middle East [2]. They are frequently grouped together as non-state actors supported by the IRGC-QF [3] that share the strategic objective of expelling U.S. forces from the region [4].
Facts (7)
Sources
Iran's Regional Proxies: Reshaping the Middle East and ... isdp.eu 3 facts
claimTargeting non-state actors like Hezbollah, Hamas, the Houthis, and Hashd al Shaabi inadvertently strengthens their support and legitimacy within their communities, as evidenced by increased support for Hamas and pro-Iran militias in Iraq following recent escalations amid the war in Gaza.
perspectiveIran and its proxy groups, including Hezbollah, Kataib Hezbollah, the Houthis, and Hashd al-Shaabi, share a primary objective of expelling U.S. forces from the Middle East.
claimThe U.S. has been unable to address the root causes of the popularity of non-state actors such as Hezbollah, Hamas, the Houthis, and Hashd al Shaabi.
Opportunities for Collective Regional Security in the Middle East carnegieendowment.org 1 fact
accountBy 2020, Iran's coalition included authoritarian regimes such as Bashar al-Assad's Syria and militias including Iraq’s Popular Mobilization Forces, Hezbollah, the Houthis, and Hamas.
The Limits of Iran's Proxy Empire | The New Yorker newyorker.com 1 fact
claimThe Axis of Resistance is an informal Iran-led military coalition in the Middle East that includes Hezbollah, the Houthis, Bashar al-Assad’s regime in Syria, various Iraqi Shiite militias like the Popular Mobilization Forces, and Sunni militants including Hamas.
War by Proxy: Iran's Growing Footprint in the Middle East - CSIS csis.org 1 fact
claimForces supported by the IRGC-QF include Lebanese Hezbollah, the Hashd al-Sha’abi in Iraq (specifically the Badr Organization, Kata’ib Hezbollah, and Asaib Ahl al-Haq), militia forces in Syria, the Houthis in Yemen, Liwa Fatemiyoun from Afghanistan, Liwa Zainabyoun from Pakistan, and groups in Palestinian territory such as Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
Iran at a Historical Crossroads - E-International Relations e-ir.info 1 fact
claimIran's proxy network, which includes Hezbollah in Lebanon, Hamas in Gaza/Palestine, the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) in Iraq, and the Houthi movement in Yemen, has historically functioned as a 'ring of fire' to provide strategic depth and a buffer against direct conflict on Iranian soil.