obstructive sleep apnea ↔ apnea-hypopnea index

Relations (1)

related 3.17 — strongly supporting 8 facts

The apnea-hypopnea index is the primary clinical metric used to define and diagnose obstructive sleep apnea, as evidenced by its use in defining diagnostic thresholds [1], [2], [3], and [4]. Furthermore, the severity of obstructive sleep apnea is assessed by correlating the apnea-hypopnea index with clinical outcomes such as hypertension [5], [6] and cardiovascular disease [7].

Facts (8)

Sources

Extent and Health Consequences of Chronic Sleep Loss and ... - NCBI ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Colten HR, Altevogt BM · National Academies Press 8 facts

measurementAccording to a United States population-based study conducted around 1993, obstructive sleep apnea is found in at least 4 percent of men and 2 percent of women in the middle-aged workforce, based on an apnea-hypopnea index of 5 or higher plus a requirement for daytime sleepiness.

measurementAn observational cohort study of 1,022 individuals found that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (defined as an apnea-hypopnea index of 5 or higher) significantly increased the risk of stroke or death from any cause, independent of other risk factors such as hypertension.

measurementIn a 10-year observational study, patients with untreated severe obstructive sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index greater than 30) had a higher incidence of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events—including myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary artery bypass surgery—compared to patients with similar severity who received CPAP treatment.

measurementThe prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea is 24 percent of men and 9 percent of women when using an apnea-hypopnea index cutoff of 5 or higher without the requirement for daytime sleepiness.

claimThere is a dose-response relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and hypertension, where a higher apnea-hypopnea index correlates with a greater increase in blood pressure.

referenceA 1988 study of 385 male patients by He et al. analyzed the relationship between mortality and the apnea index in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

claimThe Sleep Heart Health Study determined the apnea-hypopnea index using polysomnography and adjusted for confounding factors, including hypertension, finding that the association between obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease persisted even after adjusting for hypertension.

claimA causal association between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and hypertension is supported by a dose-response relationship where higher apnea-hypopnea index levels correlate with greater increases in blood pressure, as reported by Peppard et al. (2000) and Nieto et al. (2000).