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apnea-hypopnea index
Also known as: apnea index
Facts (17)
Sources
Extent and Health Consequences of Chronic Sleep Loss and ... - NCBI ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 17 facts
measurement60 to 70 percent of individuals who have suffered a stroke exhibit sleep-disordered breathing with an apnea-hypopnea index of 10 or greater.
measurementAccording to a United States population-based study conducted around 1993, obstructive sleep apnea is found in at least 4 percent of men and 2 percent of women in the middle-aged workforce, based on an apnea-hypopnea index of 5 or higher plus a requirement for daytime sleepiness.
measurementAn observational cohort study of 1,022 individuals found that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (defined as an apnea-hypopnea index of 5 or higher) significantly increased the risk of stroke or death from any cause, independent of other risk factors such as hypertension.
measurementIn a 10-year observational study, patients with untreated severe obstructive sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index greater than 30) had a higher incidence of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events—including myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary artery bypass surgery—compared to patients with similar severity who received CPAP treatment.
measurementThe prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea is 24 percent of men and 9 percent of women when using an apnea-hypopnea index cutoff of 5 or higher without the requirement for daytime sleepiness.
referenceBuxbaum SG et al. performed a segregation analysis on the genetics of the apnea hypopnea index in Caucasians and African Americans, published in Genetic Epidemiology in 2002.
measurementIn the Sleep Heart Health Study, outcomes of impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were more prevalent in individuals with the highest apnea-hypopnea index.
measurementStudies by Dyken et al. (1996) and Bassetti et al. (1996) found that 60 to 70 percent of individuals who have suffered a stroke exhibit sleep-disordered breathing with an apnea-hypopnea index of 10 or greater.
referenceThe Sleep Heart Health Study is a community-based multicenter study of more than 6,000 middle-aged and older adults that measured the apnea-hypopnea index via polysomnography and found that the likelihood of hypertension was greater at higher apnea-hypopnea index levels.
claimThere is a dose-response relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and hypertension, where a higher apnea-hypopnea index correlates with a greater increase in blood pressure.
measurementIn the Sleep Heart Health Study, participants in the highest apnea-hypopnea index quartile had an adjusted odds ratio of 1.58 (95% CI, 1.02–2.46) for stroke.
measurementThe Sleep Heart Health Study, a cross-sectional study of nearly 6,500 participants, found that individuals in the highest apnea-hypopnea index quartile (index greater than 11) were 42 percent more likely to self-report cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, or stroke, compared to those in the lowest quartile (adjusted OR = 1.42, 95% CI, 1.13–1.78).
referenceThe Sleep Heart Health Study, a large, cross-sectional, community-based study using polysomnography, found that impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were more prevalent in individuals with the highest apnea-hypopnea index.
referenceA 1988 study of 385 male patients by He et al. analyzed the relationship between mortality and the apnea index in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
claimThe Sleep Heart Health Study determined the apnea-hypopnea index using polysomnography and adjusted for confounding factors, including hypertension, finding that the association between obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease persisted even after adjusting for hypertension.
claimA causal association between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and hypertension is supported by a dose-response relationship where higher apnea-hypopnea index levels correlate with greater increases in blood pressure, as reported by Peppard et al. (2000) and Nieto et al. (2000).
claimThe apnea-hypopnea index (or respiratory disturbance index) is the average hourly number of apneas plus hypopneas.