Justification not yet generated — showing supporting facts

• Fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal) account for 85% of global primary energy consumption.
• Hydropower is environmentally friendly and releases significantly fewer greenhouse gases compared to fossil fuel sources such as oil, natural gas, coal, and diesel.
• Despite a decline in the consumption of all forms of fossil energy, Europe remains a substantial net importer of oil, natural gas, and coal.
• The theoretical framework proposed by Catavento for transitioning away from fossil fuels identifies five fundamental elements: (1) supply and demand must progress in tandem, (2) all countries must advance along different pathways, (3) assessing pathways requires a multidimensional framework, (4) energy and economic transitions must be managed simultaneously, and (5) oil, gas, and coal should be addressed in parallel but along separate tracks.
• Countries with large coal and oil reserves may reduce their carbon footprint by increasing the share of natural gas and investing in efficient technologies like cogeneration and clean coal technology.
• Fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) contributed 61.3% of global electricity generation in 2020.
• Between 1973 and 2019, the proportionate composition of the global primary energy mix changed as follows: Biofuels and wastes decreased from 10.5% to 9.3%; Coal increased from 24.7% to 26.8%; Oil decreased from 46.2% to 30.9%; Natural gas increased from 16.2% to 23.1%; Nuclear increased from 0.9% to 5%; and Hydro increased from 1.8% to 2.5%.
• Methane is generated through natural processes like anaerobic digestion and anthropogenic activities including the production and transport of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil.
• Fossil fuels, specifically coal, natural gas, and oil, contributed 61.3% of global electricity generation in 2020.
• At the end of 2020, proved energy reserves were estimated to last 53.5 years for oil, 48.8 years for natural gas, and 139 years for coal, according to BP (2021).
• Carley and Konisky (2020) argue that transitioning to cleaner energy sources can negatively impact communities whose economies are closely linked to coal and oil, as well as communities vulnerable to increases in electricity or other energy prices.
• The 2025 Statistical Review of World Energy, produced in collaboration with KPMG, indicates that global energy demand is driving growth in both renewables and fossil fuels (oil, gas, and coal) as part of a disorderly energy transition.
• In the International Energy Agency's (IEA) Stated Policy Scenario, global natural gas usage is projected to grow while oil and coal usage declines.
• The majority of CO2 emissions are produced by burning coal, oil, and natural gas.
• Le Billon and Kristoffersen (2020) surveyed emerging interventions targeting the supply of fossil fuels rather than the demand, identifying four theories of justice to prioritize cures among fossil fuel producers and seven supply constraint instruments to determine pathways to supply cuts in coal, oil, and gas sectors.
• Le Billon and Kristoffersen (2020) concluded that supply cuts in the coal, oil, and gas sectors can offer purposeful spaces of intervention to work towards a just transition away from fossil fuels.
• Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions are caused by human activities, specifically the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, as well as deforestation and industrial processes.
• Natural gas has higher carbon emissions than nuclear power, although it is cleaner than coal or oil.
• Fossil fuels, including coal, natural gas, and oil, accounted for 61.3% of global electricity generation in 2020.
• The author suggests that environmental groups should prioritize the elimination of energy sources with the most negative environmental and public health impacts, specifically coal, oil, and gas, due to their greenhouse gas intensities and air pollution.
• Climate policy will inevitably lead to the stranding of fossil energy assets, including production and transport assets for coal, oil, and natural gas.
• Volatility in the prices of oil, natural gas, and coal impacts the energy transition process by creating instability in energy prices.
• Natural gas can substitute for oil and coal in the short to medium term, but this carries the risk of delaying the zero-emissions transition and creating carbon lock-in and stranded assets through the development of natural gas infrastructure.