Knowledge Tree
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related 5.00 — strongly supporting 31 facts
Knowledge is frequently defined in epistemology as true belief that meets additional criteria, such as justification or the manifestation of intellectual virtue, as seen in [1], [2], and [3]. The relationship is further explored through the 'value problem,' which questions why knowledge is considered more valuable than mere true belief [4], [5], and [6].
Facts (31)
Sources
Virtue Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu 6 facts
claimMany virtue epistemologists define knowledge as non-accidentally true belief, specifically asserting that to know is to believe the truth because of one's intellectual virtue.
referenceErnest Sosa's conventional virtue epistemology (1991, 2003) attempts to define knowledge as true belief held out of intellectual virtue and seeks to settle the dispute between internalists and externalists regarding epistemic justification through detailed definitions and counterexamples.
claimThe question of why knowledge is more valuable than mere true belief, especially when true belief is sufficient for guiding action, is known as 'the value problem' and dates back to Plato's Meno.
perspectiveLinda Zagzebski (2003) argues that an adequate account of knowledge must explain why knowledge is more valuable than mere true belief, and that virtue epistemology is well-positioned to solve this 'value problem' by focusing on the internal agency of the knower.
claimEpistemologists engage in a debate known as the 'value problem,' which seeks to determine what makes knowledge more valuable than mere true belief.
claimWayne Riggs distinguishes between two senses of credit: praiseworthiness and attributability, arguing that knowledge requires that a true belief be attributable to an agent, but not that the agent be praiseworthy for it.
Epistemology | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 5 facts
claimFallibilism is the epistemological view that it is possible to have knowledge even when a true belief might have turned out to be false.
claimA satisfactory response to the Cartesian skepticism argument must demonstrate either that humans can distinguish between true and false beliefs or that such a distinction is not necessary for knowledge.
claimKnowledge requires both true belief and the formation of that belief in the correct way.
claimKnowledge requires not only true belief but also that the belief be formed in the 'right way', which is referred to as justification.
claimFallibilism is the epistemological view that it is possible to possess knowledge even when a true belief might have turned out to be false.
Understanding epistemology and its key approaches in research cefcambodia.com 5 facts
perspectivePritchard (2018) posits that for a true belief to become knowledge, it must be justified, meaning the believer must have good reasons to think that what they believe is true.
claimSteup (2010) identifies justification as a key component required to transform a true belief into knowledge.
claimPritchard (2018) argues that knowledge cannot simply be true belief because true beliefs can be formed in inappropriate or weird ways that do not constitute knowledge.
claimRescher (2003) asserts that knowledge is not simply a matter of having a true belief that is somehow justified, but must be appropriately justified.
perspectiveLemos (2007) advocates that for a true belief to constitute knowledge, it must be epistemically justified, requiring a high degree of justification.
Social Epistemology - Open Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science oecs.mit.edu 3 facts
referenceIn Plato's Meno, a thought experiment involving a travel guide raises the question of whether a guide must possess actual knowledge to be reliable, or if merely having a true belief is sufficient for reliability (Cooper, 1997).
claimEpistemologists generally agree that mere true belief does not qualify as knowledge, as illustrated by the example of a belief based on a coin toss that happens to be correct.
claimCandidates for the additional feature required to transform true belief into knowledge include justification (the ability to provide a reason), warrant (being well-positioned to know, such as through training or pattern recognition), and accuracy that manifests epistemic virtue (expressing reliable dispositions like good memory).
Epistemic Justification – Introduction to Philosophy: Epistemology press.rebus.community 3 facts
claimUnderstanding epistemic justification can assist individuals in finding flaws in skeptical arguments, settling disagreements regarding which beliefs to hold in areas like religion, ethics, and politics, and determining what makes knowledge more valuable than true belief.
quoteIn Plato’s Meno (98a), Socrates defines knowledge as true belief plus an account of the reason why.
claimIn Plato’s Meno, the ancient philosopher Socrates (ca. 469–399 BCE) raised the question of what must be added to true belief for a person to possess knowledge.
Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences sk.sagepub.com 2 facts
claimVirtue epistemologists argue that knowledge is more valuable than mere true belief because knowledge requires that the agent deserves credit for arriving at the truth through the exercise of epistemic virtues, whereas true belief can be the result of luck.
claimVirtue epistemologists define knowledge as true belief that manifests epistemic virtue.
Epistemology - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 2 facts
claimNeoplatonism, emerging in the 3rd century CE, distinguished knowledge from true belief by arguing that knowledge is infallible and limited to the realm of immaterial forms.
claimEpistemic virtues are character traits, such as open-mindedness and conscientiousness, that help individuals form true beliefs and acquire knowledge.
Virtue Epistemology | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 2 facts
claimVirtue reliabilists argue that knowledge should be understood as a true belief arising from an exercise of intellectual virtue.
claimLinda Zagzebski's analysis of knowledge defines knowledge as belief arising from acts of intellectual virtue, rather than true belief, because the justification or warrant condition entails the truth condition.
Virtue epistemology - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 1 fact
perspectiveJonathan Kvanvig argues that true belief is sufficient to maximize truth and avoid error, suggesting that justification should be dropped from the equation of knowledge.
Virtue Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu 1 fact
claimVirtue epistemology practitioners generally agree that knowledge is defined as true belief that manifests virtue.
Social Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu 1 fact
claimSystems-oriented social epistemology aims to determine how to design systems that achieve epistemic goods, such as the production or distribution of knowledge or true belief.