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Relations (1)
related 2.00 — strongly supporting 3 facts
These concepts are related through their shared context in physiological performance metrics, where [1] and [2] discuss the role of heart rate in cardiopulmonary work and oxygen saturation, while [3] provides a mathematical formula relating heart rate to energy expenditure, a metric often evaluated by its hit rate or predictive accuracy in physiological modeling.
Facts (3)
Sources
Sex differences in respiratory and circulatory cost during hypoxic ... nature.com 3 facts
claimAs walking speed increases, the proportion of cardiopulmonary work attributable to heart rate (HR) decreases in both men and women under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
measurementThe relative contributions of energy expenditure (EE), ventilation (VE), and heart rate (HR) to the change in oxygen saturation (ΔSpO2) under hypoxic conditions differ by sex: in women, the effects of EE (28.1% vs 15.8% in men) and VE (4.1% vs 1.7% in men) were greater, while in men, the contribution of HR was greater (82.5% vs 67.9% in women).
formulaEnergy expenditure (EE) increases as a function of heart rate (HR) at a rate of approximately 1 Watt for every 8.8 beats per minute in men and every 15 beats per minute in women, defined by the formulas ΔEE = 0.020 ± 0.004ΔHR2 - 0.061 ± 0.101ΔHR (r2 = 0.946, P < 0.001) for men and ΔEE = 0.010 ± 0.006ΔHR2 - 0.083 ± 0.159ΔHR (r2 = 0.812, P < 0.001) for women.