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Relations (1)
related 4.25 — strongly supporting 18 facts
Macrophages and T cells are both essential components of the immune system [1], [2] that interact through antigen presentation [3] and cytokine signaling [4], [5], [6]. They collaborate in immune responses, such as macrophage activation by T cells [7], [5], [6], and participate in feedback loops during processes like cytokine storms [8], [9].
Facts (18)
Sources
Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Overview | Thermo Fisher Scientific - US thermofisher.com 11 facts
claimInterferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by T Cells and NK cells that binds to CDw119 (IFNG R1) and functions in anti-viral defense, macrophage activation, increasing neutrophil and monocyte function, and regulating MHC-I and -II expression.
referenceIL-4 is classified as an adaptive immunity cytokine, is produced by Th cells, binds to the CD124 receptor, targets B cells, T cells, and macrophages, and functions in the proliferation of B and cytotoxic T cells, enhancement of MHC class II expression, and stimulation of IgG and IgE production.
referenceIL-12 is classified as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is produced by T cells, macrophages, and monocytes, binds to the CD212 receptor, targets NK cells, macrophages, and tumor cells, and functions in activating NK cells, phagocyte cell activation, endotoxic shock, tumor cytotoxicity, and cachexia.
procedureMacrophages and endothelial cells produce large amounts of IL-6 after activation, which activates T cells and other immune cells, creating a positive feedback loop that results in a cytokine storm, the release of additional cytokines and chemokines, and the upregulation of acute phase proteins.
claimIL-6 is produced by monocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, and upon stimulation, it is secreted by macrophages, T cells, B cells, mast cells, glial cells, eosinophils, keratinocytes, and granulocytes.
referenceIL-10 is classified as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is produced by T cells, B cells, and macrophages, binds to the CDw210 receptor, targets B cells and macrophages, and functions to inhibit cytokine production and mononuclear cell function.
referenceIL-8 is classified as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is produced by macrophages, binds to the IL-8R receptor, targets neutrophils, and functions in chemotaxis for neutrophils and T cells.
procedureIn the pathogenesis of a cytokine storm, the activation of T cells or the lysis of immune cells induces the release of IFN-γ or TNF-α, which subsequently activates macrophages, dendritic cells, other immune cells, and endothelial cells.
referenceGM-CSF is classified as an adaptive immunity cytokine, is produced by T cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts, binds to CD116 and CDw131 receptors, targets stem cells, and functions in the growth and differentiation of monocytes and the production of eosinophils and granulocytes.
referenceIL-18 is classified as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells, binds to the CD218a (IL-18Ra) receptor, targets monocytes and T cells, and functions in recruiting monocytes and T lymphocytes, synergizing with IL-12 to induce IFN-gamma production, and inhibiting angiogenesis.
referenceIL-1 is classified as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is produced by macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells, binds to the CD121a receptor, targets B cells, NK cells, and T cells, and functions in pyrogenic activity, inflammation, cell proliferation, differentiation, and bone marrow cell proliferation.
The immune system and primary immunodeficiency primaryimmune.org 2 facts
Immunity In Depth | Linus Pauling Institute lpi.oregonstate.edu 2 facts
claimT cells expressing the cell-surface protein CD4 are divided into two subsets: T helper (Th)1 cells, which are primarily involved in activating macrophages and inflammatory responses, and Th2 cells, which are primarily involved in stimulating antibody production by B cells.
claimThe vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in several types of immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and activated T cells.
The components of the immune system - Immunobiology - NCBI - NIH ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1 fact
claimT lymphocytes (T cells) consist of two main classes: cytotoxic T cells, which kill virus-infected cells, and a second class that activates other cells such as B cells and macrophages.
3. The Innate Immune System - Immunopaedia immunopaedia.org.za 1 fact
claimMacrophages perform several defense functions: phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms/infected cells/tumor cells via PAMP recognition, scavenging debris/apoptotic bodies, antigen presentation to T cells, releasing cytokines/chemokines, and regulating immunity via the alternatively activated pathway.
How the Immune System Works with Primary Immunodeficiency igcares.com 1 fact
claimThe immune system consists of white blood cells categorized as lymphocytes (T-cells, B-cells, and NK cells), neutrophils, and monocytes/macrophages.