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Panpsychism and reductionism are opposing philosophical approaches to the nature of mind, presented as a dilemma for Presocratic philosophers [1], with panpsychism explicitly rejecting physicalist reductionism [2], and positioned by Thomas Nagel as a viable alternative if reductionism fails [3].
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Panpsychism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu 1 fact
perspectivePresocratic philosophers faced a dilemma between viewing mind as an elemental feature of the world (panpsychism) or attempting to reduce mind to more fundamental elements (reductionism).
PANPSYCHISM (Philosophy of Mind Series) - Amazon.com amazon.com 1 fact
claimThomas Nagel argued in 1979 that if reductionism and dualism fail, and a non-reductionist form of strong emergence cannot be made intelligible, then panpsychism—the thesis that mental being is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of the universe—might be a viable alternative.
Panpsychism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2015 Edition) plato.stanford.edu 1 fact
perspectivePanpsychism is a philosophical perspective that rejects physicalist reductionism while simultaneously supporting the search for neural correlates of consciousness.