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Epistemology - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 2 facts
claimThe Upanishads, composed in ancient India between 700 and 300 BCE, examined how people acquire knowledge through introspection, comparison, and deduction.
claimEpistemologists investigate sources of justification, including perception, introspection, memory, reason, and testimony, to discover how knowledge arises.
Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu 2 facts
claimFor true beliefs to qualify as knowledge, they must originate from sources considered reliable, which include perception, introspection, memory, reason, and testimony.
claimFor a belief to qualify as knowledge, it must originate from sources considered reliable, such as perception, introspection, memory, reason, and testimony, rather than psychological factors like desires, emotional needs, prejudice, or biases.
Virtue Epistemology | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 1 fact
claimVirtue reliabilists argue that an exclusive focus on cognitive faculties is warranted for specific instances of knowledge, such as using vision to determine the appearance of immediate surroundings or using introspection to determine if one is in pain.