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Panpsychism is fundamentally defined by its relationship to the mental, as it posits that causal powers are inherently mental or protomental [1] and explores the complementary nature of the mental and physical [2]. Furthermore, historical theories like William James's neutral monism frame panpsychism by contrasting the mental with the physical as different viewpoints of a single reality [3], [4].

Facts (4)

Sources
Non-physicalist Theories of Consciousness cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 2 facts
claimPanpsychism is typically based on the idea that the mental and the physical are complementary, such that neither could exist without the other.
claimThe argument that causal powers are mental or protomental leads to panpsychism or panprotopsychism.
Panpsychism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1 fact
claimWilliam James's panpsychism originated from his "neutral monism," which posits that the fundamental nature of reality is neither mental nor physical, but a third form that can be regarded as either mental or physical from different viewpoints.
Panpsychism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2015 Edition) plato.stanford.edu William Seager, Sean Allen-Hermanson · Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1 fact
claimWilliam James's panpsychism originated from his 'neutral monism,' which posits that reality is neither inherently mental nor physical but possesses a basic character that can be viewed as either.