framework ↔ European Union

Relations (1)

cross_type 2.00 — strongly supporting 3 facts

The European Union is related to the framework because it is the governing body for many of the member states participating in China's 16+1 framework [1], which has raised concerns among EU institutions regarding internal unity [2] and strategic autonomy [3].

Facts (3)

Sources

Independence play: Europe's pursuit of strategic autonomy ecfr.eu European Council on Foreign Relations 3 facts

measurementOf the 12 European Union member states that joined the 16+1 framework, eight declared in an ECFR survey that China was not part of their discussion of European strategic autonomy.

accountIn 2012, China initiated the 16+1 framework, a cooperation format between Beijing and 16 central and eastern European countries, 11 of which are European Union member states.

claimEuropean Union institutions expressed concern that the 16+1 framework would allow China to divide and rule the union by creating conflict between member states through promises of economic investment.