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René Descartes is a central figure in the development and defense of substance dualism, as evidenced by his articulation of the theory [1] and his specific formulation known as Cartesian dualism [2], [3]. He proposed that the mind and body are fundamentally distinct substances [4], a position that remains a primary reference point for discussions and critiques of the concept [5], [6].
Facts (12)
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Dualism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Winter 2016 Edition) plato.stanford.edu 5 facts
claimE. J. Lowe's theory of substance dualism differs from René Descartes's because Lowe does not define the person as a purely mental substance defined solely by thought or consciousness.
claimA primary objection to René Descartes' 'consciousness' account of substance dualism is that it implies the subject ceases to exist during periods of unconsciousness.
claimRené Descartes was a substance dualist who believed in two distinct kinds of substance: matter, which is defined by spatial extension, and mind, which is defined by the property of thinking.
claimRadical empiricists attacked René Descartes' conception of a dualism of substances, finding it difficult to attach sense to the concept of substance itself.
claimRené Descartes' 'consciousness' account of substance dualism posits that consciousness itself is the immaterial substance.
Non-physicalist Theories of Consciousness cambridge.org 2 facts
claimSubstance dualism, the traditional version of dualism defended by René Descartes, regards the mental and the physical as two different fundamental substances or kinds of stuff.
claimSubstance dualism is compatible with René Descartes' argument from disembodiment, which posits that consciousness is conceivable without the body or the external world.
Philosophical perspectives on consciousness | Humans - Vocal Media vocal.media 1 fact
claimRené Descartes articulated substance dualism, which proposes that the mind and body are fundamentally different substances where the mind is a non-physical entity responsible for thoughts and awareness, and the body is a material structure governed by physical laws.
Mind and Consciousness - St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology saet.ac.uk 1 fact
claimSubstance dualism, which recognizes the distinct reality of the soul or mind and the body, has been developed by Clement of Alexandria, Origen of Alexandria, Augustine of Hippo, the Florentine Academy, John Calvin, the Cambridge Platonists, René Descartes, John Locke, Thomas Reid, Richard Swinburne, and Alvin Plantinga.
Consciousness (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2025 ... plato.stanford.edu 1 fact
claimSubstance dualism, such as traditional Cartesian dualism proposed by René Descartes in 1644, asserts the existence of both physical and non-physical substances, implying that consciousness inheres in non-physical minds or selves.
Hard Problem of Consciousness | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 1 fact
claimRené Descartes proposed a form of substance dualism.
Dualism, Physicalism, and Philosophy of Mind - Capturing Christianity capturingchristianity.com 1 fact
claimThe specific form of substance dualism defended by the author of the Capturing Christianity article is known as "Cartesian dualism," named after René Descartes.