Knowledge Tree
Subarctic
Facts (26)
Sources
A review of climate change impacts on migration patterns of marine ... frontiersin.org Oct 25, 2024 21 facts
claimPost-breeding seabirds and migrant baleen whales arrive in the Arctic from the Subarctic or nearby temperate realms.
claimArctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and polar cod (Arctogadus glacialis) are important forage fishes for predators in Arctic and Subarctic regions.
claimArctic and Subarctic regions provide resources for both resident species and species that migrate north from more southerly regions.
claimDeclines in landfast ice in fjords and along Arctic coasts have increased the seasonal mixing of Arctic and Subarctic fish, avian, and mammalian species.
claimThe northward expansion of Subarctic and temperate marine vertebrates in response to global climate changes, known as borealization (or Atlantification and Pacification), is often difficult to distinguish from changes in migration patterns.
claimIncreased water temperatures and higher productivity are associated with the increasingly northward extent of migration in Subarctic and temperate species, such as Pacific salmon.
claimIn the Pacific Arctic, the Subarctic region includes the entire Bering Sea and portions of the northwestern Gulf of Alaska shelf.
claimIn Arctic and Subarctic regions, migratory fishes are categorized into two types: anadromous fishes, which hatch in fresh water, migrate to the ocean, and return to freshwater to reproduce, and strictly marine fishes, which complete their entire life cycle in the ocean.
claimAnadromous and marine fishes, certain marine mammals, and at least three species of seabirds exhibit resident migration patterns within Subarctic or Arctic areas.
referenceThe article titled 'A review of climate change impacts on migration patterns of marine vertebrates in Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems' was published in the journal Frontiers in Environmental Science on October 25, 2024.
claimBreeding migrants are seabird species that migrate from the Subarctic and other regions to breed in the Arctic.
measurementThe Arctic Ocean covers an area of approximately 14,060,000 km2, with most waters located north of 66° N latitude and some Subarctic regions located north of 60° N.
claimMueter et al. (2021) developed future scenarios for Subarctic and Arctic marine systems in the gateways to the Arctic, focusing on prey resources, food webs, fish, and fisheries.
claimSeasonal and long-term sea ice have historically functioned as critical structural components of marine ecosystems throughout the circumpolar Arctic and Subarctic, as noted by Taylor et al. (2022) and IPCC et al. (2023).
claimSome avian species are long-distance migrants that travel from the Southern Hemisphere to the Subarctic and Arctic solely to feed and increase body reserves.
claimResident species in Subarctic or Arctic areas spend most or all of their life cycle within those regions but exhibit regular movements within those areas, a pattern observed in some anadromous and marine fishes, certain marine mammals, and at least three species of seabirds.
claimForecasting changes in migratory phenology and routes for most Arctic and many Subarctic species is challenging due to limited historic and current data.
claimLarge demersal species in the Arctic that extend to the Subarctic include flatfishes such as Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossiodes), Arctic skate (Amblyraja hyperborea), and the Greenland shark.
referenceShearwaters act as capital migrants in the Arctic and Subarctic by storing fat reserves for long southerly transits with minimal foraging, according to Woehler and Hobday (2024).
claimSome seabird species, such as Ardenna shearwaters and Aethia auklets, nest in regions south of the Arctic or in Subarctic regions but migrate seasonally to the Arctic to forage opportunistically during post-breeding periods.
claimSubarctic upper trophic level animals have exhibited a northward range expansion into the Pacific Arctic region, according to a 2022 study by K. M. Stafford, E. V. Farley, M. Ferguson, K. J. Kuletz, and R. Levine.
“The Old Foods Are the New Foods!”: Erosion and Revitalization of ... frontiersin.org 2 facts
Climate Change & Its Impact on Migration and Breeding Cycles husson.edu Aug 20, 2025 1 fact
claimWarming waters and changing seasonal habitats in the Arctic and Subarctic are altering migration and breeding patterns for fish, seabirds, and marine mammals.
Psychedelics, Sociality, and Human Evolution frontiersin.org 1 fact
referenceThe Ojibwa people of the Arctic and Subarctic utilize Lophophora williamsii (common name: peyote), which contains the psychoactive principles mescaline and pellotine (Barnouw, 1950).
Comparison of Traditional Indigenous Diet and Modern Industrial ... isom.ca Feb 26, 2024 1 fact
referenceClow, Laberge, and Scriver (1975) documented neonatal hypertyrosinemia and evidence for a deficiency of ascorbic acid in Arctic and subarctic peoples.