location

Arctic Ocean

Also known as: the Arctic

Facts (17)

Sources

A review of climate change impacts on migration patterns of marine ... frontiersin.org Frontiers Oct 25, 2024 15 facts

claimAtlantic cod (Gadus morhua) perform feeding migrations to Svalbard and the northern Barents Sea to the slopes of the Arctic Ocean, where they feed on capelin, Arctic cod, and other species.

claimThe Atlantic Water Boundary Current flows eastwards along the shelf north of Svalbard into the Nansen Basin of the Arctic Ocean, according to Renner et al. (2018).

referenceSiron et al. (2008) published a study titled 'Ecosystem-based management in the Arctic Ocean: a multi-level spatial approach' in Arctic.

claimLarge river systems, particularly Russian rivers, drain into the Arctic Ocean, creating fresher and cooler waters near coastal areas that influence coastal currents, according to Feng et al. (2021).

referenceSome individual walleye pollock migrate across the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic, according to Orlov et al. (2021).

claimCapelin juveniles and sub-adults undertake feeding migrations along the east coast of Greenland, in the eastern Fram Strait, and in the Barents Sea to the slopes of the Arctic Ocean.

claimThe Arctic Ocean is bordered by six countries, with the Eurasian Basin adjacent to Russia and the Amerasian Basin adjacent to Canada.

referenceClimate warming and the reduction of the Bering Sea “Cold Pool” thermal barrier (bottom water approximately −1.5°C) could facilitate increased migration of skates and other fishes from the Bering Sea through the Bering Strait into the Arctic Ocean, according to Mueter et al. (2021).

referenceAlerstam and Gudmundsson (1999) published a study titled 'Bird orientation at high latitudes: flight routes between Siberia and North America across the Arctic Ocean' in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, volume 266, pages 2499–2505.

measurementThe Arctic Ocean covers an area of approximately 14,060,000 km2, with most waters located north of 66° N latitude and some Subarctic regions located north of 60° N.

referencePiatt et al. (2021) tracked the seasonal distribution and post-breeding migration of the Kittlitz’s murrelet from the Gulf of Alaska to the Arctic Ocean.

referenceThe Atlantic serves as the primary dispersal route for skates into the Arctic Ocean, whereas cold bottom water in the Bering Strait restricts their dispersal into the Arctic from the Pacific side, according to Lynghammar et al. (2012).

measurementArctic Ocean migrations documented by Alerstam et al. were estimated to include over 2 million birds, consisting primarily of shorebird species, as well as terns (sub-family Sternidae) and skuas (Stercorarius).

referenceBenoit et al. (2010) studied the influence of photoperiod, seal predation, and landfast ice on the diel vertical migrations of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Arctic Ocean.

referenceBond and Quinn (2013) analyzed patterns and influences on Dolly Varden migratory timing in the Chignik Lakes, Alaska, and compared populations throughout the northeastern Pacific and Arctic oceans, as published in the Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.

Strategic Rivalry between United States and China swp-berlin.org SWP 2 facts

claimThe Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic Oceans grant the United States a level of security that can only be threatened by a rival of equal strength located on the opposite side of the Atlantic or Pacific.

claimThe United States derives a level of security from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic Oceans that can only be threatened by a rival of equal strength located on the opposite side of the Atlantic or Pacific Oceans, according to Michael Paul's 2017 analysis.