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Thomas Kuhn
Also known as: Thomas Kuhn, Thomas S. Kuhn
Facts (24)
Sources
Naturalistic Epistemology | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 15 facts
claimThomas Kuhn observes that during revolutionary scientific changes, such as the transition from Ptolemaic to Copernican astronomy, available data is often ambiguous and fails to determinately establish which theoretical framework should be adopted.
claimThomas Kuhn's work in the philosophy of science inspired a naturalistic approach that applies social sciences to epistemological questions.
perspectiveThomas Kuhn believes that the social sciences should be applied to epistemology.
claimPhilip Kitcher and Alvin Goldman have advocated for a 'social epistemology' that is partly inspired by Thomas Kuhn.
perspectiveThomas Kuhn argues that scientists rarely reject old theories in favor of new ones based on data alone, which contrasts with earlier Carnapian approaches that viewed theory change as driven entirely by evidence.
referenceIn his book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Thomas Kuhn examines the process of theory change in science.
claimThomas Kuhn argues that debates regarding the abandonment of an old paradigm cannot be settled by available data because paradigms influence what scientists count as data and how they interpret that data.
claimThomas Kuhn defines scientific revolutions as events that occur when scientists perceive unsolved problems as both important and unsolvable within the reigning paradigm.
claimThomas Kuhn observes that as paradigms age, they accumulate a record of both explanatory success and a record of failures and unsolved problems.
perspectiveThomas Kuhn argues that an adequate explanation of scientific revolutions requires the application of social, political, and historical analysis, rather than relying solely on the logical analysis of the relationship between theories and evidence.
claimThomas Kuhn argues that new paradigms are rarely incremental, meaning they do not typically solve all problems addressed by the old paradigm while also solving new problems.
claimThomas Kuhn investigates the social and political factors that influence theory changes in science.
perspectiveThomas Kuhn believes that social and political forces, rather than data, guide the changes of scientific paradigms.
claimThomas Kuhn argues that Relativistic mechanics does not solve all problems of Newtonian mechanics but instead replaces old problems with new ones, making the adoption of a new paradigm more akin to changing the subject than being compelled by the rational force of evidence.
claimThomas Kuhn defines paradigms as theories, methodologies, and conceptual frameworks that guide scientific practice by providing examples of 'good science' and shaping scientists' understanding of the world and science itself.
Virtue Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Jul 9, 1999 3 facts
claimThomas Kuhn (1962) states that scientists experience "malaise" during times of crisis.
referenceThomas Kuhn (1962) asserts that the attitude scientists hold toward their paradigms includes both belief and "trust."
accountThomas Kuhn (1962) claims that scientists reacted to the discovery of x-rays with both surprise and shock, and while they could not doubt the evidence, they were "clearly staggered by it."
Ancient Roots of Today's Emerging Renaissance in ... link.springer.com 2 facts
Social Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Aug 28, 2019 1 fact
referenceThomas Kuhn's 'The Structure of Scientific Revolutions', originally published in 1962 with a second edition in 1970, explores the nature of scientific progress and paradigm shifts.
Virtue Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Jul 9, 1999 1 fact
claimThe "malaise" described by Thomas Kuhn is currently evident in the replication crisis within the field of social psychology.
The Role of Epistemic Communities and Expert Testimonies in ... academia.edu 1 fact
claimIn the second half of the 20th century, thinkers like Thomas Kuhn and Michel Foucault challenged traditional views on truth and objectivity, promoting a socially constructed view of knowledge.
Social Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Feb 26, 2001 1 fact
claimThomas Kuhn held that purely objective considerations could never settle disputes between competing scientific theories, emphasizing that social factors influence the development of scientific theory.