Knowledge Tree
Sudan
Facts (17)
Sources
Opportunities for Collective Regional Security in the Middle East carnegieendowment.org Mar 5, 2025 14 facts
claimThe United Arab Emirates focused its foreign policy on areas such as Sudan following the outbreak of the Sudanese civil war in 2023.
claimEthiopia is the upstream nation with the greatest influence over the distribution of the Nile's waters among basin countries, which include Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan, and Egypt.
perspectiveEgyptian diplomacy regarding the conflict in Sudan advocates for the integration or dissolution of militias, disarmament, compensation for militia members, and the restoration of stability to preserve Sudan’s territorial integrity and national state legitimacy.
claimEgypt shifted its policy to actively support the Sudanese army against the Rapid Support Forces and extend aid to official Sudanese institutions due to the influx of refugees and the broader humanitarian catastrophe.
measurementThe civil war in Sudan has displaced nearly a third of the country's population and resulted in the world’s largest hunger crisis.
claimThe Ethiopian government pursued a unilateral approach to the construction, operation, and filling of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, which disregarded the concerns and rights of downstream nations Egypt and Sudan and undermined the 2015 agreement's spirit of cooperation.
claimEgypt is making efforts to stabilize Libya, Sudan, and the Horn of Africa to counter Ethiopia's expanding influence in Somaliland.
accountSudan plunged into a violent conflict between the Sudanese army and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in 2023, following failed attempts to establish legitimate governance after the fall of Omar al-Bashir in 2019.
claimEgypt faces regional instability from multiple sources, including the civil war in Sudan, heightened tensions at the southern entrance to the Red Sea, challenges in the Horn of Africa, and unresolved disputes with Ethiopia regarding water rights and security.
accountThe United Arab Emirates has ended its military involvement in Yemen and redirected its focus toward influencing civil conflicts in Sudan and Libya while maintaining close ties with Israel.
claimEgypt’s policies in Libya, Sudan, and the Horn of Africa are characterized as restrained and cautious, though they reflect a broader regional pattern of competing interests fueling instability.
claimThe author suggests that a regional security framework could promote peace between Palestinians and Israelis and foster nonviolent coexistence in Syria, Yemen, Libya, and Sudan.
perspectiveEgypt initially adopted a neutral 'dialogue with all parties' approach to the Sudanese conflict to safeguard national security and protect water rights through relations with South Sudan and Nile Basin countries.
accountIn 2015, Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan signed the "Renaissance Dam Document," a declaration of principles aimed at ensuring the equitable sharing of the Nile waters.
Escalation in the Middle East and Beyond unocha.org 7 days ago 1 fact
measurementIf the conflict in the Middle East continues through June, an additional 45 million people globally could be pushed into acute hunger, raising the total number of people facing acute hunger from a projected 318 million, with particularly acute concerns for Sudan and Somalia.
“Grave Peril” as Crisis Expands Across the Middle East betterworldcampaign.org Mar 8, 2026 1 fact
perspectiveTom Fletcher warned that escalating violence in the Middle East risks diverting international attention from other humanitarian emergencies, including those in Sudan, South Sudan, Ukraine, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
The Arab Approach to Mediation—Reshaping Diplomacy in a ... washingtoninstitute.org 1 fact
claimSaudi Arabia uses its longstanding relationship with Sudan to mediate between warring factions in the Jeddah process.