Knowledge Tree
thought
Facts (28)
Sources
Consciousness (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2025 ... plato.stanford.edu Jun 18, 2004 5 facts
quoteRené Descartes wrote in Principles of Philosophy (1640): "By the word ‘thought’ (‘pensée’) I understand all that of which we are conscious as operating in us."
quoteJohn Locke wrote in An Essay on Human Understanding (1688): "I do not say there is no soul in man because he is not sensible of it in his sleep. But I do say he can not think at any time, waking or sleeping, without being sensible of it. Our being sensible of it is not necessary to anything but our thoughts, and to them it is and to them it always will be necessary."
perspectiveJohn Locke avoided making hypotheses regarding the substantial basis of consciousness and its relationship to matter, though he considered consciousness essential to both thought and personal identity.
claimJohn Locke argued in An Essay on Human Understanding (1688) that humans cannot think at any time, whether waking or sleeping, without being sensible of that thought.
claimRené Descartes defined the concept of thought (pensée) as reflexive consciousness or self-awareness in his 1640 work, Principles of Philosophy.
Panpsychism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Jul 18, 2017 4 facts
claimCosmopsychists hold that the universe has some kind of experience, but they may refrain from attributing thought or agency to the universe, similar to how micropsychists hold that electrons have experience but not thought.
perspectiveThought is considered a more sophisticated phenomenon than experience, leading many philosophers to doubt that it is correct to ascribe thought to non-human animals or fundamental particles.
claimPanexperientialism is a form of panpsychism that views conscious experience as fundamental and ubiquitous, while pancognitivism is a form of panpsychism that views thought as fundamental and ubiquitous.
quoteIn the illustrative scholium to proposition seven of book two of the Ethics, Baruch Spinoza writes: "a circle existing in nature and the idea of the existing circle, which is also in God, are one and the same thing … therefore, whether we conceive nature under the attribute of Extension, or under the attribute of Thought … we shall find one and the same order, or one and the same connection of causes…."
Self-Consciousness - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Jul 13, 2017 3 facts
referenceFrançois Recanati authored the book 'Direct Reference: From Language to Thought', published by Blackwell in 1993.
claimChristopher Peacocke explored the relations between experience, thought, and content in his 1983 book 'Sense and Content: Experience, Thought, and their Relations'.
referenceGottlob Frege authored 'Thought' between 1918 and 1919, which was translated by Peter Geach and R.H. Stoothoff and included in 'The Frege Reader'.
What Role Does Language Play in Self-Identity? → Question lifestyle.sustainability-directory.com Mar 24, 2025 2 facts
Panpsychism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2015 Edition) plato.stanford.edu May 23, 2001 1 fact
quoteBaruch Spinoza wrote in his work Ethics (1677): “a circle existing in nature and the idea of the existing circle, which is also in God, are one and the same thing … therefore, whether we conceive nature under the attribute of Extension, or under the attribute of Thought … we shall find one and the same order, or one and the same connection of causes.”
Panpsychism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2025 Edition) plato.stanford.edu May 23, 2001 1 fact
claimPancognitivism is a form of panpsychism that posits thought is fundamental and ubiquitous.
Self, selfhood and understanding - infed.org infed.org 1 fact
claimSpeech is considered a key to the development of thought, rather than merely an expression of thought.
Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART) frontiersin.org 1 fact
referenceDillon and Pizzagalli (2007) provided a neurobiological review on the inhibition of action, thought, and emotion in Applied and Preventive Psychology.
Quantum Models of Consciousness from a Quantum Information ... arxiv.org Dec 20, 2024 1 fact
referenceB. D. Josephson authored the paper 'The physics of mind and thought,' published in Activitas Nervosa Superior, volume 61, in 2019.
The evolution of human-type consciousness – a by-product of ... frontiersin.org 1 fact
claimHigher-order theories of consciousness, initially proposed by David Rosenthal in 1993 and reviewed by Rocco J. Gennaro in 2004, suggest that a mental state becomes conscious when a supplementary level of processing, such as perception or thought, occurs.
Non-Reductive Physicalism - Theories of Consciousness theoriesofconsciousness.com 1 fact
quoteNancey Murphy stated: "Human persons are physical organisms whose complex functioning gives rise to consciousness, thought, and spirit—all without recourse to dualist substances."
Dualism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Winter 2016 Edition) plato.stanford.edu Aug 19, 2003 1 fact
claimE. J. Lowe's theory of substance dualism differs from René Descartes's because Lowe does not define the person as a purely mental substance defined solely by thought or consciousness.
Panpsychism - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 1 fact
perspectiveGoff uses the term 'panexperientialism' to refer to forms of panpsychism in which experience, rather than thought, is ubiquitous.
A Survey on the Theory and Mechanism of Large Language Models arxiv.org Mar 12, 2026 1 fact
referenceThe paper 'Unlocking the capabilities of thought: a reasoning boundary framework to quantify and optimize chain-of-thought' was published in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 37, pages 54872–54904.
Understanding LLM Understanding skywritingspress.ca Jun 14, 2024 1 fact
perspectiveBlake Richards, an Associate Professor in the School of Computer Science and Montreal Neurological Institute at McGill University and a Core Faculty Member at Mila, argues that neuroscientists, cognitive scientists, and AI researchers should prioritize scientific exploration of the human brain and artificial intelligence over debating the definition of 'thought'.
Neuro-Symbolic AI: Explainability, Challenges, and Future Trends arxiv.org Nov 7, 2024 1 fact
referenceJohn P Coetzee, Micah A Johnson, Youngzie Lee, Allan D Wu, Marco Iacoboni, and Martin M Monti published research in Brain Sciences in 2022 that dissociates language and thought in human reasoning.
Evolutionary Psychology | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu 1 fact
referenceAllen Newell and Herbert Simon published 'GPS, a Program that Simulates Thought' in the 1961 book 'Computers and Thought', edited by Edward Feigenbaum and Julian Feldman.
A harder problem of consciousness: reflections on a 50-year quest ... frontiersin.org 1 fact
claimSome argue that space lacks a physical correlate because it arises from internal brain processes like thought.