concept

Sociodemographic Index

Also known as: SDI, Socio-Demographic Index

Facts (18)

Sources

Analysis of study Global Burden of Disease in 2021 - Frontiers frontiersin.org Frontiers in Nutrition Jan 14, 2025 18 facts

claimRegions with low Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) exhibited the highest age-standardized prevalence, incidence, death, and DALYs rates for nutrient deficiency disorders, while high SDI regions exhibited the lowest rates.

measurementHigh-SDI, medium-low SDI, and low-SDI regions showed upward fluctuations in the Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) during specific periods, followed by subsequent declines.

measurementHigh-SDI regions experienced a marked decline in the Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) between 2016 and 2019.

measurementIn 2021, the regions with the highest burden of nutritional deficiencies for both men and women were low Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) and low-middle SDI regions, even after age-adjusted standardization.

claimIn 2021, the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates for non-communicable diseases (NDs) were inversely correlated with the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) across 204 countries and regions.

claimIn low-SDI (Sociodemographic Index) regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, political instability and violence cause food supply disruptions, infrastructure loss, and a lack of health resources, which compound the burden of nutritional deficiencies.

perspectiveThe authors of the study suggest that public health interventions in Southeast Asia have had significant effects and should serve as a reference template for other low-SDI (Sociodemographic Index) regions.

measurementIn 2021, regions with low Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) reported an Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) of 19,047.59 cases per 100,000, an Age-Standardized Prevalence Rate (ASPR) of 44,208.88 cases per 100,000, an Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) of 8.73 per 100,000, and DALYs of 1,319.28 per 100,000.

claimHigher Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) levels are associated with lower disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), as well as reduced age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), prevalence rates (ASPR), and mortality rates (ASMR) for non-communicable diseases.

claimNutritional deficiencies are less prevalent in high-SDI (Sociodemographic Index) regions due to well-established health systems, better incomes, healthy diets, and effective public health treatments.

claimNutritional deficiencies are more prevalent in low-SDI (Sociodemographic Index) regions due to a lack of health resources, poverty, food insecurity, and ineffective public health policy.

measurementIn 2021, regions with high Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) reported an Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) of 1,671.71 cases per 100,000, an Age-Standardized Prevalence Rate (ASPR) of 6,458.84 cases per 100,000, an Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) of 0.95 per 100,000, and DALYs of 118.26 cases per 100,000.

measurementIn low-middle SDI regions, incidence rates for non-communicable diseases decreased by 3.76% for men and 3.06% for women between 1990 and 2021.

measurementIn 2021, the incidence, prevalence, deaths, and DALYs of nutritional deficiency cases were highest in low- and middle-Sociodemographic Index (SDI) regions.

measurementBetween 1990 and 2021, the global Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) and the ASIR of the five Sociodemographic Index (SDI) regions generally showed a downward trend.

claimRegions with high Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), such as Western Europe and high-income Asia Pacific, exhibited significantly lower age-standardized rates (ASR) for non-communicable diseases, while low-SDI regions, including Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, had substantially higher ASR rates.

claimLow-middle Sociodemographic Index (SDI) regions experienced the most significant absolute changes in nutritional deficiency indicators, suggesting that measures implemented by these countries have been effective.

claimThe Global Burden of Disease 2021 study observed a more rapid decline in the burden of nutritional deficiencies in low-SDI (Socio-Demographic Index) areas compared to high-SDI areas.