Knowledge Tree
scientific consensus
Facts (45)
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Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in ... iopscience.iop.org Oct 19, 2021 11 facts
procedureThe authors of the current study searched the Web of Science for English-language articles published between 2012 and November 2020 using the keywords 'climate change', 'global climate change', and 'global warming' to re-examine the scientific consensus on climate change.
perspectiveThe authors of the paper believe there is a stronger case for using a broader approach to measuring consensus because Anthropogenic Climate Change (ACC) has become widely accepted in peer-reviewed literature.
claimThe authors of the paper note that relying solely on specific wording regarding emissions scenarios or human causation in abstracts to determine adherence to the consensus on Anthropogenic Climate Change (ACC) could lead to arbitrary results.
measurementThe scientific consensus on human-caused contemporary climate change exceeds 99% in the peer-reviewed scientific literature, according to a study analyzing 88,125 climate-related papers published since 2012.
measurementThe scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change (ACC) is at most 99.966%, based on the finding that at least 31 papers out of a dataset of 88,125 are skeptical.
measurementThe scientific consensus regarding the role of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in modern climate change likely exceeds 99% and may be as high as 99.9%.
claimWhile Cook et al. (2013) define consensus narrowly as explicit or implicit agreement, a broader definition of consensus can be employed which defines it as a lack of objection to a prevailing position or worldview.
claimScientific consensus does not strictly prove statements about the physical world, but science-based analysis and hypothesis testing are capable of disproving alternative constructs.
measurementThe 2013 study by Cook et al. (C13) quantified scientific consensus by examining peer-reviewed literature published between 1991 and 2012, resulting in the finding that 97% of the world's science supported the climate change consensus.
claimThe authors of the study 'Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change' argue that defining scientific consensus as the absence of clearly-stated rejection or disagreement is more objectively transparent than other methods.
claimThe perception of scientific consensus is argued to be a 'gateway belief' that motivates wider public support for the mitigation of climate change.
Isn't there a lot of disagreement among climate scientists about ... climate.gov Feb 3, 2020 7 facts
measurementA 2021 paper found a greater than 99-percent consensus among peer-reviewed climate research that human activity is causing climate change.
referenceCook et al. (2013) quantified the scientific consensus on anthropogenic global warming by analyzing the scientific literature, finding a high level of agreement.
quote"Remarkably, none of the papers disagreed with the consensus position."
referenceCook et al. (2016) synthesized various consensus estimates regarding human-caused global warming in a study titled 'Consensus on consensus'.
measurementA 2016 review paper summarized several independent studies on peer-reviewed climate research and found a 97-percent consensus that human activity is causing climate change.
measurementLynas, Houlton, and Perry (2021) found that there is greater than 99% consensus on human-caused climate change within the peer-reviewed scientific literature.
claimA researcher reviewed 928 abstracts published between 1993 and 2003 regarding human activities warming the Earth's surface and concluded that none of the papers disagreed with the consensus position.
More than 99.9% of studies agree: Humans caused climate change news.cornell.edu Oct 19, 2021 5 facts
quoteMark Lynas stated: 'To understand where a consensus exists, you have to be able to quantify it. That means surveying the literature in a coherent and non-arbitrary way in order to avoid trading cherry-picked papers, which is often how these arguments are carried out in the public sphere.'
claimDespite scientific consensus, public opinion polls and statements from politicians often incorrectly suggest that a significant debate exists among scientists regarding the cause of climate change.
quoteMark Lynas stated: “We are virtually certain that the consensus is well over 99% now and that it’s pretty much case closed for any meaningful public conversation about the reality of human-caused climate change.”
perspectiveMark Lynas stated that the current findings regarding scientific consensus on human influence on climate change resolve uncertainty that may have persisted following a 2013 study which found 97% consensus.
quoteMark Lynas stated regarding the scientific consensus on human influence on climate change: 'This pretty much should be the last word.'
Scientific consensus on climate change - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 4 facts
measurementJames L. Powell analyzed five surveys of peer-reviewed literature from 1991 to 2015, comprising 54,195 articles, and calculated an average consensus of 99.94% regarding anthropogenic climate change.
measurementOf the 928 scientific papers on 'global climate change' analyzed by Naomi Oreskes, 75% explicitly supported the scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change or accepted it as a given, while 25% focused on research methods or paleoclimate analysis; no abstract explicitly rejected the scientific consensus.
claimThere is scientific consensus that the Earth has been consistently warming since the start of the Industrial Revolution, and the rate of recent warming is largely unprecedented.
claimThe scientific consensus holds that it is unequivocal and incontrovertible that greenhouse gas emissions from human activities have caused warming on land, in oceans, and in the troposphere, with no natural processes providing an alternate explanation.
How the “Scientific Consensus” on Global Warming Affects ... heritage.org Oct 26, 2010 3 facts
perspectiveThe Heritage Foundation recommends that the United States Congress should focus energy policy on creating a framework where all energy sources succeed or fail on their own merit by removing subsidies and reducing regulatory red tape, rather than basing policy on what the organization terms a 'false scientific consensus'.
perspectiveThe Heritage Foundation argues that Congress should eliminate subsidies and reduce regulatory red tape to allow all energy technologies to succeed or fail on their own merits, rather than basing policy on a scientific consensus that the author claims is neither scientific nor agreed-upon.
claimThe Supreme Court ordered the EPA administrator to determine if greenhouse gas emissions were dangerous to human health and the environment and whether the scientific consensus on the effects of greenhouse gases was settled.
ESS Subtopic 6.2: Climate change – Causes and Impacts mrgscience.com 3 facts
claimThere is a general scientific consensus that anthropogenic (human-induced) climate change is real.
quoteThe film/documentary mentioned in the source text poses the following ethical question: "Given the general scientific consensus that anthropogenic (human induced) climate change is real, are we ethically obliged to take action to stop it?"
perspectiveThe author of the source text asserts that it is useful to listen to the consensus of reputable scientists regarding climate change and to disregard opposing skeptics, whom the author characterizes as having limited credentials and dubious motivations.
Scientific Consensus - NASA Science science.nasa.gov Oct 21, 2024 3 facts
quoteThe American Medical Association supports the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s fourth assessment report and concurs with the scientific consensus that the Earth is undergoing adverse global climate change and that anthropogenic contributions are significant.
claimIn scientific terminology, a consensus is defined as a general agreement of opinion, though the scientific method prioritizes an objective framework over consensus.
quoteThe American Medical Association supports the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s fourth assessment report and concurs with the scientific consensus that the Earth is undergoing adverse global climate change and that anthropogenic contributions are significant.
The Energy Department "Red Team" Critique of Greenhouse-Gas ... revkin.substack.com Jul 31, 2025 2 facts
quoteJudith Curry stated: '[R]ecommendations for climate science/scientists: Embrace the complexity of climate science and acknowledge uncertainty and disagreement. Stop with the faux “consensus” enforcement and stop playing power politics with climate science. Constructively participate in the dialogue that DOE and the CWG Report are attempting to foster, in the interests of returning objective physical science to the climate issue.'
perspectiveReaders should consider the report alongside mainstream sources like the IPCC AR6 and NCA5 to contextualize its findings within the broader scientific consensus.
DOE reframes climate consensus as a debate - E&E News eenews.net Jul 31, 2025 2 facts
claimChris Wright's five-person climate team is challenging the scientific consensus held by climate scientists at global science agencies and universities.
perspectiveBurgess believes the National Climate Assessment should incorporate more feedback from researchers outside the mainstream scientific consensus.
How a major DOE report hides the whole truth on climate change politico.com Sep 27, 2025 1 fact
claimScientific papers that disagree with the consensus often receive more attention and discussion from reviewers, contradicting assertions by Chris Wright that divergent voices are excluded from the scientific process.
Over 99.9% of Studies Agree: Humans Have Caused Climate ... sciencealert.com Oct 20, 2021 1 fact
procedureTo determine the level of scientific consensus, researchers analyzed a random sample of 3,000 studies from a dataset of 88,125 English-language climate papers published between 2012 and 2020.
Designing Carbon Pricing Policies Across the Globe link.springer.com 1 fact
referenceDrews, Savin, and van den Bergh (2024) published the article 'A global survey of scientific consensus and controversy on instruments of climate policy' in the journal Ecological Economics, volume 218.
Dozens of scientists push back on 'fundamentally ... - ABC News abcnews.com Sep 3, 2025 1 fact
claimThe scientific consensus, as reflected in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments, finds that urbanization effects have a minimal to negligible impact on global warming trends.
Social Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Aug 28, 2019 1 fact
referenceNaomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway authored the 2011 book 'Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming', which investigates how scientific consensus was challenged on specific public issues.