concept

RNA

Also known as: Ribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid

Facts (22)

Sources

Hypothetical types of biochemistry - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org Wikipedia 7 facts

claimAs of 2026, all known Earth-based life forms utilize carbon compounds for structural and metabolic functions, water as a solvent, and DNA or RNA to control their form.

claimHachimoji DNA utilizes alternative base pairs to modify the backbone, specifically P (2-Aminoimidazo[1,2a][1,3,5]triazin-4(1H)-one), Z (6-Amino-5-nitropyridin-2-one), B (Isoguanine), and S (rS=Isocytosine for RNA, dS=1-Methylcytosine for DNA).

claimXeno nucleic acids (XNA) are a type of alternative genetic storage molecule that features an altered sugar backbone and may be used in place of RNA or DNA.

claimAll known Earth-based life forms as of 2026 utilize carbon compounds for structural and metabolic functions, water as a solvent, and either deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) to define and control their form.

claimXeno nucleic acids (XNA) are nucleic acids with an altered sugar backbone that may potentially be used in place of RNA or DNA.

claimHachimoji DNA utilizes alternative base pairs instead of the standard backbone, specifically P (2-Aminoimidazo[1,2a][1,3,5]triazin-4(1H)-one), Z (6-Amino-5-nitropyridin-2-one), B (Isoguanine), and S (rS=Isocytosine for RNA, dS=1-Methylcytosine for DNA).

claimCosmic necklace-based life inside stars would evolve through the stretching of cosmic strings by the star's intense gravity, potentially forming structures similar to RNA and DNA.

Beyond Carbon-Based Life: Exploring Alternative Biochemistries in ... walshmedicalmedia.com Walsh Medical Media 4 facts

claimWhile phosphorus is an essential element for the structure of DNA and RNA on Earth, some researchers hypothesize that life forms could use arsenic as an alternative.

claimWhile phosphorus is essential for DNA and RNA on Earth, some researchers have proposed that life forms could potentially use arsenic as an alternative element.

claimSome researchers have considered the possibility of life forms using arsenic as an alternative to phosphorus, which is essential for the structure of DNA and RNA on Earth.

claimPhosphorus is an essential element for life on Earth, specifically serving as a structural component of DNA and RNA.

Alternative Biochemistries: Speculations about Strange Possibilities pressbooks.cuny.edu CUNY Pressbooks 3 facts

claimArtificial nucleic acids, including Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), Threose nucleic acid (TNA), Glycol nucleic acid (GNA), 1,5-Anhydrohexitol nucleic acid (HNA), Cyclohexene nucleic acid (CeNA), Morpholino, Locked nucleic acids (LNA), and Fluoroarabino nucleic acid (FANA), differ from naturally occurring DNA or RNA due to structural changes in the molecule's backbone.

claimIn 2010, a claim was made regarding the discovery of a bacterium named GFAJ-1 that appeared to utilize an arsenic-based nucleic acid backbone instead of the phosphorus backbone found in DNA and RNA.

claimThe RNA World Hypothesis proposes that the first proto-life on Earth was derived primarily from RNA, with lipids, polypeptides, and DNA becoming crucial to biochemistry at a later stage.

Do Extremophiles on Earth Mean That Life Is Common in the Galaxy ... reasons.org Reasons to Believe Nov 22, 2019 2 facts

claimThe discovery of Earth-like DNA/RNA/carbon-based life on Mars would not indicate that life is pervasive in the galaxy, but would instead suggest that life on Earth and Mars shared a common and singular origin.

perspectiveThere is no evidence to suggest that RNA/DNA cells spontaneously originate in Earth's extreme environments, as biological adaptation is distinct from the origination of life.

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies of Traditionally Used ... heraldopenaccess.us Journal of Food Science & Nutrition 2 facts

claimSilybin inhibits RNA and protein synthesis in gram-positive bacteria.

claimSilybin inhibits RNA and protein synthesis in the gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis, according to Lee et al. [93].

The role of extremophile microbiomes in terraforming Mars - Nature nature.com Nature Nov 17, 2025 1 fact

claimNitrogen is an essential element for life, particularly for the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins, and it often limits ecosystem productivity on Earth.

Medicinal plants: bioactive compounds, biological activities ... frontiersin.org Frontiers in Immunology 1 fact

procedureBiofilm development occurs in stages: (i) free-living (planktonic) cells attach to a pre-conditioned surface via random propulsion, chemotaxis, or motion, which is initially reversible and influenced by physical and chemical variables; (ii) cells permanently attach using adhesion proteins like fimbriae, followed by the emergence of internal linkages and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) composed of polysaccharides (e.g., colonic acid, chitosan, alginate), enzymes, RNA, DNA, nutrients, proteins, and surfactants; (iii) the biofilm community undergoes microbial proliferation and communication via chemical signaling, resulting in micro-colony growth.

Human body | Organs, Systems, Structure, Diagram, & Facts britannica.com Britannica 8 days ago 1 fact

claimRibonucleic acid (RNA) helps carry out the instructions encoded in DNA.

Inflammation bioxpedia.com BioXpedia 1 fact

claimBioXpedia provides bioanalytical services for profiling inflammatory markers at the RNA, miRNA, and protein levels.