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Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era
Facts (12)
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Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era cjil.uchicago.edu 12 facts
referenceThe article 'Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era' is structured as follows: Section II defines espionage; Section III outlines the ambiguity of espionage in international law; Section IV explains the difficulties of regulating espionage; Section V discusses catalysts and unique problems of cyber espionage; and Section VI proposes an exemplary norm for states to limit the consequences of legal uncertainties.
claimThe author of 'Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era' defines espionage as the unauthorized intentional collection of information by states.
perspectiveThe author of 'Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era' suggests that disengaging private organizations from state-sponsored cyber activity could help curb private threats to international security, such as cyberterrorism or hacktivism, by removing the conflict of interest inherent in state affiliation.
perspectiveThe author of 'Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era' argues that establishing a norm against private organizations conducting inter-state cyber activities could foster international cooperation by creating a platform for future negotiations on governing state conduct in the cyber realm.
claimThe author of 'Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era' draws an analogy between the use of private actors in cyber espionage and the state use of mercenaries and private military contractors, noting that the latter is a subject of significant controversy.
perspectiveThe author of 'Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era' posits that private espionage creates mutually costly problems for countries because they are routinely subjected to intrusions by these private actors.
claimThe author of 'Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era' argues that the existence of private groups conducting espionage is sustained by the deniability of their state sponsors regarding any connection or affiliation.
claimThe author of 'Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era' suggests that a viable approach to regulating cyber espionage is to incrementally prohibit specific activities, such as the engagement of private entities in cyber espionage.
perspectiveThe author of 'Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era' argues that the current ambiguity regarding espionage is unsustainable because espionage is becoming indistinguishable from low-level warfare, more efficient, more visible, and increasingly involved in information wars.
claimThe author of 'Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era' asserts that there are extensive ongoing intelligence operations globally, despite most developed countries not being at war with one another.
claimThe author of the article 'Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era' defines espionage as the collection of information, while defining covert action as acting on information in pursuit of national interests.
perspectiveThe author of 'Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era' argues that states need to establish clearer guidelines for permissible espionage activity by carving out narrow activities to overcome strategic state considerations.