concept

prolactin

Also known as: PRL

Facts (23)

Sources

Seasonal Changes of Serum Gonadotropins and Testosterone in ... frontiersin.org Frontiers Jan 9, 2020 9 facts

measurementThe laboratory reference ranges used in the study were 2.2–8.7 ng/dL for testosterone, 1–9 IU/L for LH, 1–12 IU/L for FSH, and 3–13 ng/mL for PRL.

claimProlactin (PRL) serum levels in adult human males do not correlate with testosterone (Rho: 0.002, p = 0.804), luteinizing hormone (Rho: 0.005, p = 0.665), or follicle-stimulating hormone (Rho: 0.006, p = 0.734).

measurementSerum prolactin (PRL) levels did not show any significant seasonal fluctuation (p = 0.421) or significant differences among seasons (p = 0.181).

measurementIn a cohort of 3,830 patients, the mean serum prolactin (PRL) level was 11.50 ± 6.36 ng/mL, with a range of 0.30 to 62.20 ng/mL.

referencePatients with primary and secondary hypogonadism exhibit seasonal variations in plasma gonadotropin, prolactin, and testosterone levels, suggesting an independent testicular role in these variations, according to Bellastella et al. (2013).

referenceMartikainen et al. (1985) studied circannual concentrations of melatonin, gonadotrophins, prolactin, and gonadal steroids in males living in a geographical area with large annual variations in daylight.

claimGonadotropins, testosterone, and prolactin are the most investigated hormones for detecting the potential persistence of hormone seasonality in humans.

referencePrepubertal males exhibit circannual rhythms of plasma luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, prolactin, and cortisol, according to a 1983 study by Bellastella et al.

referenceMaes et al. (1997) analyzed components of biological variation, including seasonality, in blood concentrations of TSH, TT3, FT4, PRL, cortisol, and testosterone in healthy volunteers.

Extent and Health Consequences of Chronic Sleep Loss and ... - NCBI ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Colten HR, Altevogt BM · National Academies Press 4 facts

claimRadomski et al. (1994) observed disruptions in the secretion of cortisol, prolactin, and certain cytokines in patients suffering from human African trypanosomiasis.

claimHuman African trypanosomiasis patients experience disruptions in the secretion of cortisol, prolactin, and certain cytokines, as reported in the Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique in 1994.

claimIndividuals with sleeping sickness exhibit altered circadian fluctuations of the hormones cortisol, prolactin, and growth hormone.

claimCircadian fluctuations of cortisol, prolactin, and growth hormone are altered in individuals with sleeping sickness, according to Radomski et al. (1994).

The Normal Menstrual Cycle and the Control of Ovulation - NCBI - NIH ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Feingold KR, Adler RA, Ahmed SF · National Center for Biotechnology Information Aug 5, 2018 3 facts

claimThe role of luteotropic factors such as prolactin, oxytocin, inhibin, and relaxin in the menstrual cycle is unclear.

claimIn large antral follicles, the concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen, and progesterone are high, while the concentration of prolactin is low.

claimIn small ovarian follicles, prolactin and androgen levels are higher than in large antral follicles.

Physiology, Sleep Stages - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - NIH ncbi.nlm.nih.gov National Library of Medicine 1 fact

claimThe circadian rhythm controls the nocturnal release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), prolactin, melatonin, and norepinephrine (NE).

Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART) frontiersin.org Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 1 fact

claimA decreased stress response and rapid return to physiological and emotional baseline involves physiological mediators including catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine), glucocorticoids (cortisol), pituitary hormones (ACTH, prolactin, and growth hormones), and cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α).

Hormonal changes and sexual function in aging men - PubMed - NIH pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov PubMed 1 fact

claimProlactin (PRL) and estradiol levels do not change with age in men.

Reproductive Hormones endocrine.org Endocrine Society Jan 24, 2022 1 fact

claimThe pituitary gland produces, stores, and stimulates Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HcG), Prolactin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH).

“Manopause”: How Male Hormones Change With Age - JCMC jcmchealth.com JCMC Health Aug 2, 2022 1 fact

claimAs men age, they naturally experience a decrease in growth hormone (GH), prolactin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in addition to testosterone.

Understanding Male Hormonal Changes: A Complete Guide (2025) coremedicalwellness.com Core Medical Wellness Oct 21, 2025 1 fact

claimBlood tests for male hormonal health typically measure total and free testosterone, thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, and T4), and other hormones such as LH, FSH, prolactin, DHEA, and cortisol.

Physiology, Male Reproductive System - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf ncbi.nlm.nih.gov National Library of Medicine 1 fact

claimThe secretion of GnRH is inhibited by testosterone, estrogen, estradiol, and prolactin.