Knowledge Tree
product openness
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Seven observations and research questions about Open Design ... cambridge.org Oct 19, 2021 15 facts
claimThe authors define 'conventional product development' as all processes that adopt neither process nor product openness.
claimHuizingh (2011) introduced the concepts of 'process openness' and 'product openness' to refine the concept of Open Innovation as defined by Chesbrough (2012).
claimThe existence of identifiable design styles in open source products suggests a potential dependency between product/process openness and other product characteristics.
claimIn the context of the article, 'Open Design' is defined as a general field of practices involving either product or process openness, while 'OSPD' (Open Source Product Development) refers specifically to practices implying both product and process openness.
claimThe authors of the article suggest the term 'structure openness' to describe an aspect of openness encountered in practice that exists beyond the opposition of product and process openness.
claimProduct openness is defined by intellectual property, documentation effort, and the public availability of technical documentation.
referenceHuizingh (2011) introduced a framework for characterizing open innovation practices using two binary dimensions: whether the product is open and whether the process is open.
claimAitamurto, Holland, and Hussain (2015) suggest that adopting product openness is more useful in later phases of the product development process, such as prototyping and testing.
referenceGavras (2018) highlights that product openness and process openness are not inherent properties of a given product.
referenceBonvoisin et al. (2017) introduced a term that explicitly refers to both process and product openness, drawing a parallel with the term 'Open Source Software Development' (OSSD) as used by Gacek & Arief (2004).
claimOSPD presents unfamiliar challenges to businesses and requires novel business and design approaches because it involves both process and product openness.
claimAitamurto, Holland, and Hussain (2015) inconsistently use the term 'Open Design' to refer to both a specific combination of process and product openness and the broader family of practices including crowdsourcing.
referenceHuizingh (2011) introduced the opposition between product openness and process openness in the context of Open Design.
claimProduct openness focuses on information and intellectual property management applied to intermediary objects and design process outcomes, allowing contributors to replicate and sell products outside the original design process.
claimThere is a contrast in the extent to which product openness and process openness are defined in both practice and academic communities, with process openness remaining an ill-defined aspect of open source product development practices.