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process openness
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Seven observations and research questions about Open Design ... cambridge.org Oct 19, 2021 22 facts
referenceThe Best Practice Criteria for Free/Libre and Open Source Software, maintained by the Linux Foundation Core Infrastructure Initiative, serves as the closest attempt at a definition of process openness in the context of Open Source Software Development (OSSD), though it focuses exclusively on software maintenance and security rather than development.
claimThe authors define 'conventional product development' as all processes that adopt neither process nor product openness.
claimHuizingh (2011) introduced the concepts of 'process openness' and 'product openness' to refine the concept of Open Innovation as defined by Chesbrough (2012).
claimThe existence of identifiable design styles in open source products suggests a potential dependency between product/process openness and other product characteristics.
claimOne approach to characterizing process openness is to define a set of practices that act as enablers of process openness and indicate the willingness of project originators to encourage participation from a larger group.
claimIn the context of the article, 'Open Design' is defined as a general field of practices involving either product or process openness, while 'OSPD' (Open Source Product Development) refers specifically to practices implying both product and process openness.
claimThe authors of the article suggest the term 'structure openness' to describe an aspect of openness encountered in practice that exists beyond the opposition of product and process openness.
claimProcess openness involves reaching out for interaction with external people, such as customers, citizens, or employees of other companies.
referenceHuizingh (2011) introduced a framework for characterizing open innovation practices using two binary dimensions: whether the product is open and whether the process is open.
referenceGavras (2018) highlights that product openness and process openness are not inherent properties of a given product.
claimPractices frequently cited by practitioners as best practices for enabling process openness include using Git repositories or Git-based repository hubs, describing a governance model, sharing a contribution guide, stating project aims, using an open source or inexpensive tool chain, public issue management, and flagging clear communication channels.
claimThe authors of 'Seven observations and research questions about Open Design and Open Source Hardware' define 'process openness' as the collective nature of processes that allow the participation of any interested person.
referenceBonvoisin et al. (2017) introduced a term that explicitly refers to both process and product openness, drawing a parallel with the term 'Open Source Software Development' (OSSD) as used by Gacek & Arief (2004).
claimOSPD presents unfamiliar challenges to businesses and requires novel business and design approaches because it involves both process and product openness.
claimA second approach to characterizing process openness is to analyze the participative design activity within projects, specifically by defining what constitutes participation.
claimAitamurto, Holland, and Hussain (2015) inconsistently use the term 'Open Design' to refer to both a specific combination of process and product openness and the broader family of practices including crowdsourcing.
claimTo explain the concept of process openness, the authors of 'Seven observations and research questions about Open Design and Open Source Hardware' utilize terms including 'community', 'participation', 'volunteer', 'external people', and 'core team'.
claimProcess openness in Open Source Hardware is currently not covered by the minimal requirements set by existing standards like the 'Open Source Hardware Statement of Principles 1.0' and DIN SPEC 3105.
claimProcess openness is defined by the governance and coordination of the product development process.
referenceHuizingh (2011) introduced the opposition between product openness and process openness in the context of Open Design.
claimThe company-driven perspective on process openness involves leading co-design activities that solicit external personal resources to advance previously internal processes.
claimThere is a contrast in the extent to which product openness and process openness are defined in both practice and academic communities, with process openness remaining an ill-defined aspect of open source product development practices.