concept

oxidative phosphorylation

Also known as: OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation metabolism

Facts (19)

Sources

Mitochondria and the dynamic control of stem cell homeostasis link.springer.com Springer Apr 16, 2018 19 facts

claimThe proteins mitofusin 1 (MFN1), mitofusin 2 (MFN2), and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) are required for the differentiation of stem cells into cells that depend on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolism, such as cardiomyocytes and neurons.

claimMitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS).

claimAn increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), independent of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), promotes the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and neural stem cells (NSCs).

referenceBrunelle et al. (2005) demonstrated that oxygen sensing in cells requires mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) but does not require oxidative phosphorylation.

claimWhile a glycolytic switch is necessary to acquire pluripotency, the early phases of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation are characterized by an initial increase in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) activity and the up-regulation of respiratory chain (RC) complexes.

claimGlycolytic metabolism in stem cells acts as a protective mechanism by lowering oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) activity, thereby avoiding excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

claimReactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during the transport of electrons in the respiratory chain (RC) during oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolism.

claimNaïve pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) exhibit higher oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) activity than primed pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), despite being potentially less developmentally mature.

referenceHall et al. (2012) argued that oxidative phosphorylation, rather than glycolysis, powers presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms underlying brain information processing.

claimThe metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis during induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation is similar to the "Warburg effect" or "aerobic glycolysis" described by Otto Warburg in cancer cells, where cells maintain high glycolytic rates even in the presence of oxygen.

claimThe metabolic profile of reprogrammed cells shifts from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis during the induction of pluripotency.

claimNaïve pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) exhibit a bivalent metabolism that relies on both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and they also demonstrate increased glycolytic metabolism.

claimNaïve pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) show higher oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) activity than primed pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), yet naïve PSCs possess a less tubular and non-fused mitochondrial morphology compared to primed PSCs.

claimCells that are metabolically active and rely on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy production generally possess a fused, interconnected mitochondrial architecture.

claimNon-replicative cells, specifically neurons and cardiomyocytes, typically rely on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy.

claimIntra-mitochondrial calcium positively affects energy metabolism by stimulating ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS).

claimThe increase in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) observed in naïve pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) does not necessarily result in reduced glycolysis.

claimDuring the initiation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming, ROS-mediated NRF2 induction causes an initial burst of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) followed by the activation of glycolytic metabolism.

claimOxidative damage may still occur in stem cells despite decreased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.