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neurogenesis
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Effects of psychedelics on neurogenesis and broader neuroplasticity link.springer.com Dec 19, 2024 49 facts
claimKetamine exhibits a dual profile regarding neurogenesis and neural plasticity: it promotes synaptogenesis, neurite growth, and new neuron formation in single-dose paradigms, but high doses or neonatal exposure are linked to neurogenesis impairment and long-term cognitive deficits.
referenceAltman (1969) conducted autoradiographic and histological studies on postnatal neurogenesis, focusing on cell proliferation and migration in the anterior forebrain and the olfactory bulb.
claimClozapine prevents a decrease in neurogenesis in mice that have been repeatedly treated with phencyclidine.
measurementCanales and Ferrer-Donato (2014) demonstrated that a 10 mg/kg dose of MDMA combined with alcohol, administered during the E13-E15 pregnancy window, reduced neurogenesis (proliferation and survival) by approximately 40% in adult female offspring compared to saline controls.
claimNeurogenesis occurs in all species possessing a central nervous system.
procedureThe literature search for the review was conducted in January 2023 using PubMed and ScienceDirect databases by combining the keywords "psychedelics" and "neurogenesis" with their respective MeSH terms.
accountAltman showed continuous neurogenesis in the anterior forebrain, specifically in the olfactory bulb, in 1969.
claimThe authors included articles that used neuroplasticity biomarkers as an outcome measure, even if those articles did not directly assess neurogenesis or cell proliferation, to account for the limitations of direct neurogenesis measurement in human studies.
claimAdvancements in the use of novel preclinical models, neuroimaging, and molecular techniques may provide deeper insights into how psychedelics modulate neural circuits and promote neurogenesis, according to de Vos et al. (2021) and Grieco et al. (2022).
claimPetermann et al. (2021) demonstrated that the effects of the SSRI citalopram on BDNF protein concentrations in the hippocampus are largely separable from its effects on neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.
claimIn the context of the review, neurogenesis is defined as the process of generating new neurons through cell division, which includes proliferation (multiplication of neural stem or progenitor cells), differentiation (commitment of cells into specific neuronal lineages), migration (movement to designated locations), maturation (development of dendrites, axons, and synaptic capabilities), integration (incorporation into existing neural networks), and survival (persistence of these neurons within the neural circuitry).
claimIn murine models, CB1 agonists (cannabinoids) demonstrate a complex relationship with brain plasticity, where they can enhance plasticity in some protocols but impair neurogenesis in others.
claimHuang et al. (2016) reported that ketamine affects the neurogenesis of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in 7-day-old rats.
claimA systematic review of psychedelic research found notable variability in results regarding neurogenesis, which is likely influenced by factors such as dosage, age, treatment regimen, and model choice.
claimMultiple studies have reported that acute or chronic CB1 agonist exposure has a negative or negligible impact on neurogenesis.
claimResearch into the cellular mechanisms of harmala alkaloids is currently exploring their effects on neurogenesis and plasticity, particularly in the context of the neurogenic hypothesis for Major Depressive Disorder.
claimPrenatal and neonatal exposure to MDMA can result in long-term impairments in neurogenesis and behavioral deficits.
referenceMorales-García et al. (2017) published a study in Scientific Reports demonstrating that alkaloids from Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen Ayahuasca, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro.
claimThe existence of neurogenesis in adult humans remains controversial for a portion of the neuroscience community, as noted by Sorrells et al. in 2018.
measurementGarcía-Cabrerizo and García-Fuster (2016) found no significant impact on neurogenesis in rats when a lower dosage of 15 mg/kg of MDMA (3 × 5 mg within 1 day) was administered.
claimThe scientific community did not widely accept the existence of neurogenesis in adult humans until 1998, as reported by Eriksson et al.
claimNeurogenesis occurs in the adult human hippocampus.
claimThe authors of this systematic review followed the PRISMA recommendations (Liberati et al. 2009) to identify articles related to the effects of psychedelics on neurogenesis and neurogenesis-related neuronal plasticity.
referenceMorales-Garcia et al. (2020) published a study in Translational Psychiatry reporting that N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a compound found in the hallucinogenic tea Ayahuasca, regulates adult neurogenesis both in vitro and in vivo.
claimNeurotrophic factors induce neurite growth, synaptic remodeling, neurogenesis, and oxidative stress reduction.
claimThe authors of the review focused on the effects of psychedelic compounds on plasticity associated with neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, rather than the subventricular zone-olfactory bulb (SVZ-OB) system, citing Christie and Cameron (2006) and Kempermann (2012).
claimThe effects of psychedelics on neurogenesis and neuroplasticity appear to be modulated by serotonin receptors, specifically 5-HT2BR and 5-HT2AR.
claimThere is little preclinical evidence supporting the benefits of cannabinoids on neurogenesis, and extrapolating results from murine models to humans warrants caution due to potential lack of translatability.
measurementThe final sample for the systematic review contained 68 experimental articles examining the effects of psychedelics on neurogenesis or related brain plasticity outcomes.
claimThe metabolite 2R,6R-HNK may contribute to the positive effects of ketamine on neurogenesis through the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
claimHarmala alkaloids have a positive impact on neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, particularly within the framework of depression models.
claimNew biochemical routes to treat depression are emerging, including the induction of neurogenesis independent of direct 5-HT (serotonin) modulation.
measurementStudies examining the effects of CB1 agonists on neurogenesis have utilized a wide range of doses, specifically between 0.75 and 10 mg/kg.
claimThe relationship between THC and neurogenesis appears negative in the literature, though findings are conflicting among different study designs.
claimSteel RWJ, Miller JH, Sim DA, and Day DJ reported in 2014 that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) disrupts hippocampal neuroplasticity and neurogenesis in trained, but not untrained, adolescent Sprague-Dawley rats.
claimA rat model of schizophrenia using ketamine showed increased neurogenesis.
claimSerotonin can promote neurogenesis independently of BDNF, implying that ketamine's influence on neurogenesis may involve the modulation of serotonergic pathways.
claimEarly exposure to phencyclidine (PCP) has a significantly detrimental impact on neurogenesis and overall plasticity.
claimSuliman NA, Taib CNM, Moklas MAM, and Basir R reported in 2018 that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) induces neurogenesis and improves cognitive performance in male Sprague Dawley rats.
referenceCho KO, Rhee GS, Kwack SJ, Chung SY, and Kim SY published 'Developmental exposure to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine results in downregulation of neurogenesis in the adult mouse hippocampus' in 'Neuroscience' in 2008.
claimKetamine generally enhances neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in adult subjects, which contrasts with the effects of high-dose ketamine in neonatal animals.
claimKetamine increases BDNF levels, which promotes synaptogenesis, neurite growth, and neurogenesis.
claimHarmala alkaloids, specifically harmine and harmaline, demonstrate antidepressant effects in animal models by enhancing neurogenesis.
referenceChristie BR and Cameron HA published 'Neurogenesis in the adult Hippocampus' in the 'European Journal of Neuroscience' in 2006.
claimMDMA exhibits dose-dependent effects on neurogenesis, where high doses are linked to decreased proliferation and survival of new neurons, potentially leading to neurotoxic outcomes.
procedureCho et al. (2008) investigated the impact of MDMA on adult neurogenesis in the offspring of dams exposed to 1.25 or 20 mg/kg of MDMA for 36 days (E6-P21) via oral gavage.
claimEarly high-dose ketamine exposure can disrupt neurogenesis during critical developmental periods, leading to lasting cognitive impairments, potentially mediated by alterations in BDNF signaling.
claimCB1 agonists may influence neurogenesis by modulating 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus and ACh neurons in the medial septum, both of which support various stages of neurogenesis.
claimExercise influences neural mechanisms related to anti-depression, neurogenesis, and serotonin signaling, as detailed in a 2015 publication in CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets.
Effects of psychedelics on neurogenesis and broader neuroplasticity pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1 fact
claimThe systematic review titled 'Effects of psychedelics on neurogenesis and broader neuroplasticity' examines studies assessing neurogenesis or other neurogenesis-associated brain plasticity following psychedelic interventions.