concept

milieu intérieur

Also known as: internal environment, milieu interieur

Facts (11)

Sources

Homeostasis: The Underappreciated and Far Too Often ... - Frontiers frontiersin.org Frontiers in Physiology 4 facts

claimClaude Bernard proposed the hypothesis that the stability of the "milieu intérieur" (internal environment) was the antecedent to, rather than the consequence of, a free and independent life.

quoteClaude Bernard stated in 1865: "La fixité du milieu intérieur est la condition de la vie libre, independante" [The fixity (i.e., constancy or stability) of the internal environment is the condition for the free, independent life].

claimClaude Bernard and Walter Cannon are considered the two primary figures in modern physiological regulation, having described regulations in terms of the constancy of the internal environment and homeostasis, respectively.

claimWalter Cannon (1871–1945) expanded the concept of the constant internal environment (milieu intérieur) and coined the term 'homeostasis'.

A Copernican Approach to Brain Advancement: The Paradigm of ... frontiersin.org Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Apr 25, 2019 3 facts

claimClaude Bernard introduced the concept of the 'milieu interieur' in 1857.

claimClaude Bernard categorized life into three forms, asserting that higher vertebrates are 'free' because they possess complex mechanisms to maintain the fixity of physical conditions, known as the milieu interieur.

claimWalter Cannon expanded Claude Bernard's concept of the milieu interieur into the concept of homeostasis.

Physiology, Homeostasis - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf ncbi.nlm.nih.gov National Library of Medicine May 1, 2023 1 fact

claimPhysiologist Walter Cannon coined the term 'homeostasis' in 1926 to clarify the concept of 'milieu intérieur' previously described by physiologist Claude Bernard in 1865.

Homeostasis and Health: From Balance to Change | Biological Theory link.springer.com Springer Oct 14, 2025 1 fact

claimClaude Bernard characterized physiological mechanisms as operating to maintain the constancy of the 'internal environment' (milieu intérieur).

Homeostasis or Allostasis? - Beauty, Neuroscience & Architecture neuro-architectology.com Randall K. Ruggles, D.O. · Neuro-Architectology 1 fact

claimClaude Bernard described in the 1870s that complex organisms must maintain balance in their internal environment, or milieu intérieur, to lead a free and independent life.

Homeostasis: The Underappreciated and Far Too Often ... - PubMed pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Frontiers in Physiology Mar 10, 2020 1 fact

claimThe historical evolution of the understanding of physiological regulation progressed from the Greek concept of body humors, to Claude Bernard's concept of 'milieu intérieur,' and finally to Walter Cannon's formulation of 'homeostasis' and the application of control theory, including feedback and feedforward regulation.