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microorganisms
Also known as: micro-organisms, microorganism
Facts (37)
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Medicinal plants: bioactive compounds, biological activities ... frontiersin.org 10 facts
claimMicroorganisms utilize alternative mechanisms to resist antibiotics, including the development of membrane vesicles to increase surface area and diminish medication entry, alterations in antibiotic transporters known as porins, and the utilization of efflux pumps to expel antibiotics from the cytosol.
claimMicroorganisms can obtain resistance genes from other bacteria via mechanisms such as plasmids and transposons, even without direct exposure to a medicinal plant.
claimSub-lethal doses of medicinal herbs may fail to eradicate all microorganisms responsible for an infection, allowing the remaining organisms to acquire resistance to the medicinal plant.
claimCertain medicinal herbs may aid in the prevention of resistance development in microorganisms.
claimThe concentration of active compounds in medicinal plants influences resistance development; while lower concentrations can diminish selective pressure, they may also facilitate adaptation if microorganisms encounter sublethal dosages that impede growth without causing mortality.
claimIn recent decades, microorganisms have increasingly resisted commonly used antibiotics.
claimHorizontal gene transfer allows microorganisms to acquire antibiotic resistance genes from unrelated organisms primarily through transformation, transduction, and conjugation, while recombination can introduce or modify resistance genes within a recipient's genome.
claimThe complexity of plant extracts, specifically a higher diversity of bioactive chemicals, correlates with reduced selective pressure for resistance because it complicates the adaptation of microorganisms.
procedureThe procedure for evaluating medicinal plants for anti-infective properties involves: (1) selecting plant species based on traditional use, (2) subjecting the plants to extraction processes to obtain crude extracts or essential oils, (3) evaluating the extracts for their ability to inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, (4) confirming inhibitory activity via dose-dependent assays (MIC), (5) performing targeted assays to identify active constituents, (6) selecting and refining the most active fractions, and (7) using chemical testing and contemporary pharmacognosy to determine the composition of the final fraction.
claimProlonged and repeated exposure to plant extracts may elevate the chance of resistance development, as extended exposure offers increased opportunity for microorganisms to adapt and evolve.
The immune system and primary immunodeficiency primaryimmune.org 6 facts
claimAntibodies attached to the surface of microorganisms can activate the complement system, a group of proteins capable of directly killing some bacteria.
claimThe immune system functions to discriminate between healthy tissue ('self') and foreign material ('non-self'), such as microorganisms, pollen, or transplanted organs.
claimMonocytes line the walls of blood vessels in organs like the liver and spleen to capture microorganisms passing through the blood.
claimA secondary function of the immune system is to discriminate between healthy tissue ("self") and foreign material ("non-self"), such as microorganisms, pollen, or transplanted organs.
claimMacrophages can be influenced by T cells and often collaborate with T cells to kill microorganisms.
claimWhen antibodies recognize a microorganism as foreign, they physically attach to it and initiate a chain of events involving other immune system components to destroy the infection.
Nanomaterials in the future biotextile industry: A new cosmovision to ... frontiersin.org Dec 1, 2022 5 facts
referenceBiosynthetic materials are defined as synthetic polymeric materials comprised, in whole or part, of bio-derived compounds, which can be made with an input of biological origin or through processes performed by living microorganisms, according to Biofabricate and Fashion for Good (2020).
procedureBiofibers can be produced through several methods: 1) culturing living microorganisms like bacteria and yeast as biofactories, 2) using single bacteria or symbiotic associations between bacteria and yeast, 3) using fungal mycelium scaffolding, and 4) extracting raw materials from agricultural wastes like vegetable biomass.
claimBiofibers are biopolymers composed of polysaccharides and proteins that can be extracted from biomass, synthesized using bio-derived monomers, or produced by microorganisms.
referenceBiofabricated materials are defined as materials entirely produced by living cells, such as mammalian cells, or microorganisms, including bacteria, yeast, and fungi, according to Biofabricate and Fashion for Good (2020).
claimMicroorganisms can produce metallic nanoparticles through redox reactions occurring either intra- or extracellularly.
How the Immune System Works with Primary Immunodeficiency igcares.com 4 facts
claimAntibody molecules function by physically attaching to microorganisms recognized as foreign, which initiates a complex chain of events involving other immune system components to destroy the germ.
claimNeutrophils kill microorganisms by ingesting them into specialized packets of cell membrane that fuse with other parts of the neutrophil containing toxic chemicals.
claimComplement proteins can assemble on the surface of microorganisms to form a complex that punctures the cell wall of the microorganism to destroy it.
claimNeutrophils are cells found in the bloodstream that rapidly ingest and kill microorganisms, primarily bacteria and fungi.
Immunity In Depth | Linus Pauling Institute lpi.oregonstate.edu 4 facts
claimPhagocytic leukocytes release non-specific toxins, including superoxide radicals, hypochlorous acid, and peroxynitrite, in response to invading microorganisms.
claimMonocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils are key immune cells that engulf and digest invading microorganisms through a process known as phagocytosis.
claimProbiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in sufficient amounts, benefit the overall health of the host.
claimMicroorganisms like bacteria express pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are recognized by pattern recognition receptors located on the surface of macrophages.
Human body systems: Overview, anatomy, functions | Kenhub kenhub.com 2 facts
claimThe physiological functions of the lymphatic system include conveying and eliminating toxins and waste from the body, recirculating proteins, and defending the body from microorganisms.
claimThe lymphatic system functions to convey and eliminate toxins and waste from the body, recirculate proteins, and defend the body from microorganisms.
Wound Inflammation lakecountyin.gov 1 fact
claimDuring the cellular response phase of wound healing, neutrophils and macrophages migrate to the wound site to perform phagocytosis, which is the ingestion and digestion of microorganisms, debris, and damaged tissue.
A critical review of industrial fiber hemp anatomy, agronomic ... bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu 1 fact
claimBiochar's porous structure, characterized by a pore size greater than 50 nm, provides a habitat for microorganisms that protects them from predation by larger arthropods.
Panpsychism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2015 Edition) plato.stanford.edu May 23, 2001 1 fact
claimWilhelm Wundt argued that the purposiveness and appropriateness of the behavior of simple micro-organisms could not arise suddenly through the mere conglomeration of material particles via elementary physical forces.
Human body | Organs, Systems, Structure, Diagram, & Facts britannica.com 8 days ago 1 fact
claimThe integumentary system is composed of the skin and associated structures; it protects the body from harmful microorganisms and chemicals and prevents water loss.
3. The Innate Immune System - Immunopaedia immunopaedia.org.za 1 fact
claimMacrophages perform several defense functions: phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms/infected cells/tumor cells via PAMP recognition, scavenging debris/apoptotic bodies, antigen presentation to T cells, releasing cytokines/chemokines, and regulating immunity via the alternatively activated pathway.
Compendium Vol. 5 No. 1: The ecological role of native plants bio4climate.org 1 fact
claimA native ecosystem is defined as one dominated by native plants, animals, and microorganisms that occurred together before the time of Euro-American settlement.