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HPA axis
Also known as: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, HPA cascade
Facts (16)
Sources
Allostasis revisited: A perception, variation, and risk framework frontiersin.org Sep 28, 2022 6 facts
claimArctic-breeding songbirds exhibit a highly responsive HPA axis to environmental extremes upon arrival at breeding grounds before committing to nesting.
claimPotential mechanisms for the physiological overload threshold include critical occupancy of certain receptors, a ratio of occupancy of different receptors, accumulation of products over time, displacement of other steroids from their ligands, or actions of peptides elsewhere in the HPA cascade such as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH).
claimArctic-breeding songbirds have a highly responsive HPA axis to environmental extremes when they have recently arrived on the breeding ground but have not yet committed to nesting, as noted by Wingfield and Romero (2001) and Krause et al. (2018).
referenceRecent evidence suggests that the heat-shock-related protein FKBP5 interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to reduce its activity and could act as an ultra-short loop feedback signal, potentially enhancing the flexibility of the HPA axis in relation to environmental change.
referenceRomero and Gormally (2019) observe that while the components of the HPA axis and downstream effects are conserved, the specific involvement of these components in the activation and modulation of the adrenocortical stress response varies across species and individuals.
claimWhile components of the HPA axis leading to glucocorticoid release and downstream effects are conserved, the involvement of these components in the activation and modulation of the adrenocortical response to stress is variable across species and among individuals, according to Romero and Gormally (2019).
The impact of childhood trauma on children's wellbeing and adult ... academia.edu 2 facts
referenceKlaassens (2010) examined the relationship between trauma and the HPA-axis in healthy adults, focusing on the concept of 'bouncing back' (resilience).
referenceHeim C., Newport D. J., Mletzko T., Miller A. H., and Nemeroff C. B. published 'The link between childhood trauma and depression: insights from HPA axis studies in humans' in Psychoneuroendocrinology in 2008.
Childhood Trauma and its effect on Adulthood - Palo Alto University paloaltou.edu 1 fact
claimChildhood trauma negatively affects physiological functions by altering the stress response, triggering autoimmune disorders, dysregulating hormonal pathways, and impacting the HPA axis, the fight-or-flight response, and reward circuits.
Stress, Lifestyle, and Health - Maricopa Open Digital Press open.maricopa.edu 1 fact
claimThe HPA axis (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) is a set of structures found in both the limbic system (hypothalamus) and the endocrine system (pituitary gland and adrenal glands) that regulate many of the body’s physiological reactions to stress through the release of hormones.
Integrating allostasis and emerging technologies to study complex ... nature.com Nov 5, 2025 1 fact
claimChronic activation of the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) and SAM (sympatho-adreno-medullary) axes leads to neuroendocrine dysregulation, which increases the risk of neuropsychological disorders.
Sleep Across the Lifespan: A Neurobehavioral Perspective link.springer.com Feb 5, 2025 1 fact
claimLoneliness is linked to increased physiological arousal, specifically through the activation of the HPA axis, which regulates glucocorticoid levels and modulates the sleep-wake cycle.
Effects of psychedelics on neurogenesis and broader neuroplasticity link.springer.com Dec 19, 2024 1 fact
claimResearch suggests a strong link between adult-generated neurons and the HPA axis, as well as dysregulations in patients diagnosed with mood disorders.
The impact of childhood trauma on children's wellbeing and adult ... ouci.dntb.gov.ua 1 fact
claimHeim identified a link between childhood trauma and depression, utilizing insights from HPA axis studies in humans, as published in Psychoneuroendocrinology.
Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART) frontiersin.org 1 fact
claimThe insular cortex's connections with the thalamus, HPA axis, and brainstem provide a mechanism for viscerosomatic and homeostatic feedback to the executive monitor and regulate sympathetic tone (citing Critchley, 2005; Craig, 2009).
Bowlby's Attachment Theory: 4 Styles & Classroom Impact structural-learning.com Jun 30, 2023 1 fact
claimEarly attachment experiences directly shape the HPA axis, which regulates the body's stress response, meaning attachment impacts brain development beyond psychological factors.