Knowledge Tree
extinction
Facts (22)
Sources
Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART) frontiersin.org 18 facts
claimMindfulness-based practices are evidenced to involve exposure, extinction, and reconsolidation processes, as reviewed by Holzel et al. (2011a) and Treanor (2011).
claimMilad et al. (2007) report that pathological-oriented biological dispositions increase the time or number of trials required for extinction and increase sensitivity to old fear-based associations.
claimThe S-ART framework identifies intention and motivation, attention regulation, emotion regulation, extinction and reconsolidation, prosociality, non-attachment, and decentering as supporting neuropsychological mechanisms.
claimMorphometric changes in the brain are associated with improved emotion regulation and extinction of fear, according to research by Milad et al. (2005) and Etkin et al. (2011).
referenceLabeling of epigenetic or transcription factors related to the expression of genes necessary for synaptic plasticity is indicative of extinction and reconsolidation processes, as reported by Sweatt (2009).
claimExtinction and reconsolidation depend on factors including level-of-processing (Craik, 2002), emotional salience (Kensinger and Schacter, 2005), attention paid to a stimulus (Loftus, 1979), expectations at encoding (Frost, 1972), and reconsolidation-mediated strengthening of the memory trace (McGaugh, 2000).
referenceResearch on extinction and reconsolidation has demonstrated that the presence of kinase activity, which persists to maintain synaptic potentiation, may indicate new memory traces, as reported by Wallenstein et al. (2002).
claimPhelps et al. (2004) provide evidence that conditioned fear can be extinguished.
claimExtinction and reconsolidation mechanisms can shift biological set-points and modify pathological scripts and schemas into more adaptive trajectories through focused attention (FA), open monitoring (OM), and ethical-based practices.
referenceThe dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) modulate the physiological and behavioral expression of fear and are critical in extinction and reconsolidation, as reported by Quirk et al. (2010).
referenceThe dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) positively correlates with sympathetic activity related to fear expression, whereas the ventral ACC (including the perigenual ACC and VMPFC) is associated with the inhibition of expression during extinction and the recall of extinction of fear after extinguishing prior conditioned associations, as reported by Etkin et al. (2011).
claimCahn and Polich (2006) report that a practitioner's hypometabolic state may facilitate the extinction process by creating novel parasympathetic associations with previously anxiety-provoking stimuli.
claimExtinction is a process of novel learning rather than the erasure of an original association, occurring when a memory is retrieved and conditioned stimuli become temporarily labile, allowing associations to be weakened.
claimThe S-ART (Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence) framework proposes six neurocognitive component mechanisms—intention and motivation, attention and emotion regulation, extinction and reconsolidation, prosociality, non-attachment, and de-centering—that are integrated and strengthened through intentional mental strategies to modulate networks of self-processing and reduce bias.
claimWells and Matthews (1996), Bishop (2007), and Beck (2008) identify exposure, extinction, and reconsolidation as critical mechanisms for reducing habitual anxiety and fear and facilitating therapeutic change.
claimStructural changes in the circuitry related to extinction occur following as little as 8 weeks of mindfulness training, as demonstrated by multiple morphometric studies (Lazar et al., 2000; Holzel et al., 2008, 2011b; Luders et al., 2009).
claimIf extinction is a common mechanism for habitual sensory, affective, and motor processing in mindfulness training, it may allow for the redefinition of boundaries between automatic and controlled processing.
claimThe transformation of the reified self is hypothesized to utilize neural circuitry associated with extinction and reconsolidation.
How Climate Change is Changing Animal Habits neefusa.org Oct 4, 2023 1 fact
measurementApproximately one-third of amphibian species globally, including frogs, salamanders, and newts, are at risk of extinction.
Ecologists Study the Interactions of Organisms and Their Environment nature.com 1 fact
claimSea otters spend significant time grooming to maintain their thick fur, which historically attracted hunters and drove the species nearly to extinction, according to Riedman (1990).
[PDF] ipbes methodological assessment report on the diverse values and ... ipbes.dk 1 fact
measurementThe IPBES Global Assessment identified 1 million species of plants as being at risk of extinction.
Compendium Vol. 5 No. 1: The ecological role of native plants bio4climate.org 1 fact
measurementIn a study of 59 regionally extinct lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species in central Europe, eight extinctions were associated with the loss of particular host plant species, which occurred after the lepidoptera had already gone extinct.