concept

end-use model

Also known as: end-use model analysis

Facts (10)

Sources

Impact of carbon dioxide removal technologies on deep ... - Nature nature.com Nature Jun 17, 2021 10 facts

claimThe end-use model analysis focuses on the deep decarbonization end point using a static optimization framework, which abstracts from the transition path.

claimThe end-use model analysis does not explicitly model operational constraints, ancillary services markets, or sub-hourly/sub-state detail.

measurementThe end-use model assumes a national average power producer price of natural gas of $4/MMBtu in 2018 dollars.

claimThe end-use model scenario for deep decarbonization assumes a federal CO2 pricing of $50/t-CO2 across all sectors and regions starting in 2020, which escalates at a discount rate of seven percent per year.

measurementThe end-use model assumes interconnection costs of $250/kW for utility-scale wind and $100/kW for solar PV across all regions.

measurementThe end-use model assumes an investment cost of $3.85 million per mile for a notional high-voltage transmission line capable of transferring 6400 MW of capacity.

claimThe end-use model analysis assumes fixed demand across scenarios, though demand could serve as an additional source of system flexibility.

measurementThe end-use model scenario assumes federal CO2 pricing of $50/t-CO2 in all sectors and regions beginning in 2020, escalating at a discount rate of seven percent per year.

procedureThe REGEN model uses 2015 as the representative year for hourly profiles to avoid dampening variance through multiyear averaging, applying the same underlying meteorology and temperatures to the end-use model for hourly load shapes.

formulaIncremental policy costs in the end-use model are calculated as the difference between electric sector costs in a scenario with CO2 caps and a reference scenario without CO2 policy.