Knowledge Tree
disinformation
Facts (26)
Sources
Social Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Feb 26, 2001 8 facts
claimC. Diaz Ruiz and T. Nilsson analyzed how disinformation circulates on social media through identity-driven controversies in their 2023 paper 'Disinformation and echo chambers: how disinformation circulates on social media through identity-driven controversies'.
claimMona Simion (2023) and Harris (2023) challenge the idea that disinformation must be misleading, arguing instead that it can produce ignorance or block successful action.
claimMisinformation is defined as false or inaccurate content not intended to mislead, while disinformation is defined as content intended to mislead, according to Fallis (2016) and Floridi (2013).
referenceDon Fallis's 2016 chapter 'Mis-and dis-information' in 'The Routledge handbook of philosophy of information' distinguishes between misinformation and disinformation.
referenceClaire Wardle and Hossein Derakhshan's 2017 report 'Information disorder: Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policymaking' establishes a framework for analyzing the spread of misinformation and disinformation.
claimO’Connor and Weatherall (2019) argue that as platforms adapt algorithms to prevent the spread of disinformation, producers of disinformation are incentivized to adapt and create new forms of misleading content.
referenceDon Fallis's 2015 article 'What is disinformation?' in Library Trends defines and categorizes the concept of disinformation.
referenceMona Simion's 2023 paper 'Knowledge and disinformation' analyzes the relationship between knowledge acquisition and the spread of false information.
Escalation in the Middle East and Beyond unocha.org 7 days ago 2 facts
claimMisinformation and disinformation are polarizing communities and undermining trust in humanitarian efforts across the Middle East.
claimEscalating social tensions in the Middle East are eroding the social fabric and weakening conditions that facilitate the acceptance of humanitarian actors, while misinformation and disinformation are polarizing communities and undermining trust in humanitarian efforts.
Navigating the Digital Battlefield - Joint Air Power Competence Centre japcc.org 2 facts
claimHezbollah’s cyber efforts have included disrupting GPS signals, hacking civilian infrastructure, and spreading disinformation to create public anxiety.
claimHezbollah uses platforms like Al-Manar TV to amplify anti-Western and anti-Israeli narratives and spreads disinformation, such as exaggerated casualty reports of Israeli forces, to undermine public confidence in Israel.
How the war in Ukraine changed Russia's global standing | Brookings brookings.edu Apr 2, 2025 1 fact
claimRussian state-controlled media outlets such as RT and Sputnik, along with social media, have disseminated propaganda and disinformation about the war to bolster suspicions regarding the West's role in the conflict.
How Open-Source AI Drives Responsible Innovation - The Atlantic theatlantic.com 1 fact
claimOpen-source AI systems help manage emerging risks such as intentional misuse by bad actors (cyberattacks, disinformation) and unintentional harms (exposure of private user data, entrenched biases in training data).
Cybersecurity Trends and Predictions 2025 From Industry Insiders itprotoday.com 1 fact
claimRussia is likely to deploy disinformation and DDoS assaults to destabilize NATO-aligned regions by exploiting Western divisions.
Steven M. Greer - Wikiquote en.wikiquote.org 1 fact
claimSteven M. Greer claims that secrecy regarding UFOs and advanced technology is maintained by a psychological nexus of ridicule, fear, intimidation, and disinformation, which prevents public figures from addressing the subject.
Virtue Epistemology - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu Jul 9, 1999 1 fact
claimAlternative virtue epistemology (VE) focuses on topics such as deliberation, inquiry, understanding, wisdom, profiles of individual virtues and vices, relations among distinct virtues and vices, and the social, ethical, and political dimensions of cognition involved in misinformation, disinformation, and propaganda, while shunning definitions and ignoring the radical skeptic.
Entities Blocking UFO Disclosure: Dr. Steven Greer's Allegations ... substack.com Feb 21, 2025 1 fact
perspectiveSteven Greer alleges that a systemic wall of secrecy around UFO technologies is maintained by defense contractors, intelligence agencies, and unelected bureaucracies through disinformation, legal threats, and institutional inertia.
Beyond Missile Deterrence: The Rise of Algorithmic Superiority trendsresearch.org Mar 16, 2026 1 fact
claimThe proliferation of artificial intelligence-powered cyber and information tools increases 'gray zone' activity, such as continuous cyber probing, disinformation, and proxy operations, which blurs the distinction between peace and war.
Jeffrey Epstein and Israel: What Do the Records Show? sana.sy Mar 18, 2026 1 fact
claimMainstream U.S. media outlets often categorize speculation about Jeffrey Epstein's intelligence ties as fringe conspiracy theories, potentially amplified by disinformation.
Hybrid War: High-tech, Information and Cyber Conflicts connections-qj.org Mar 1, 2026 1 fact
claimDuggan designates the tactic of cyber aggression coupled with disinformation from proxies and false fronts on the internet as a common method of hybrid warfare.
GEOPOLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR ... socialsciencesbulletin.com Dec 7, 2025 1 fact
claimThe Russia-Ukraine war has exposed weaknesses in the European security framework, led to increased militarization across the continent, and caused a rise in hybrid threats such as disinformation.
History of the Central Intelligence Agency - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 1 fact
claimThe Central Intelligence Agency discovered that many of the sources for its most important analyses of the Soviet Union were based on Soviet disinformation fed to the agency by controlled agents.
Iran War: Kinetic, Cyber, Electronic and Psychological Warfare ... resecurity.com Mar 17, 2026 1 fact
claimDisinformation will grow dramatically in scale and sophistication during an Iran war, driven by advances in artificial intelligence, social media manipulation, and coordinated state and proxy operations.
Understanding LLM Understanding skywritingspress.ca Jun 14, 2024 1 fact
claimLarge language models raise ethical issues including deskilling, disinformation, manipulation, and alienation, which support concerns regarding genuine human control over artificial intelligence.
Geopolitical impacts of the war in Ukraine | EY - Global ey.com 1 fact
claimState-sponsored cyber-attacks for espionage, intellectual property theft, and disinformation are expected to increase.