Knowledge Tree
chemokines
Facts (22)
Sources
Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Overview | Thermo Fisher Scientific - US thermofisher.com 5 facts
procedureMacrophages and endothelial cells produce large amounts of IL-6 after activation, which activates T cells and other immune cells, creating a positive feedback loop that results in a cytokine storm, the release of additional cytokines and chemokines, and the upregulation of acute phase proteins.
claimCytokines are categorized into interleukins (IL), chemokines, interferons, and tumor necrosis factors (TNF).
claimChemokines regulate the movement and localization of lymphocytes and a subset of dendritic cells.
claimSome chemokines possess dual-function capabilities, acting as inflammatory or anti-inflammatory agents depending on their concentration and the site of expression.
claimChemokines are cytokines with chemotactic activities, classified into four main subfamilies: CXC, CC, CX3C, and XC.
The Role of Immune Cells in Inflammation jmolpat.com 4 facts
claimMonocytes differentiate into macrophages, which are responsible for phagocytosing and clearing cellular debris and dead cells, producing cytokines and chemokines, and promoting tissue repair.
claimEosinophils produce cytokines and chemokines that recruit additional immune cells to the site of inflammation.
claimNeutrophils are among the first immune cells to arrive at the site of inflammation, attracted by chemokines produced by activated macrophages and other immune cells.
claimUpon activation of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), innate immune cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that attract and activate additional immune cells to the site of inflammation.
Chronic Inflammation - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 3 facts
claimCirculating platelets contribute to inflammation through platelet aggregation, thrombus formation, and degranulation, which releases chemokines and inflammatory mediators.
referenceMilenkovic VM, Stanton EH, Nothdurfter C, Rupprecht R, and Wetzel CH (2019) examine the role of chemokines in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder.
claimOnce circulating leukocytes enter a local injury site, they are activated by cytokines and chemokines secreted by macrophages and dendritic cells, subsequently releasing their own cytokines and mediators of inflammation.
3. The Innate Immune System - Immunopaedia immunopaedia.org.za 3 facts
claimWithin hours of activation, mast cells synthesize chemokines (CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6).
claimMacrophages perform several defense functions: phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms/infected cells/tumor cells via PAMP recognition, scavenging debris/apoptotic bodies, antigen presentation to T cells, releasing cytokines/chemokines, and regulating immunity via the alternatively activated pathway.
claimNatural Killer (NK) cells stimulate inflammatory responses by secreting IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and chemokines including CCL4, CCL5, and CCL22.
Wound Inflammation lakecountyin.gov 2 facts
procedureThe inflammatory response in wound healing proceeds through four key phases: (1) Immediate Response involving vascular changes and increased permeability, (2) Cellular Response involving leukocyte recruitment and phagocytosis, (3) Molecular Signaling involving cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators, and (4) Resolution of Inflammation involving anti-inflammatory signals and tissue repair.
procedureThe inflammatory response in wound healing proceeds through four key phases: (1) Immediate Response involving vascular changes and increased permeability, (2) Cellular Response involving leukocyte recruitment and phagocytosis, (3) Molecular Signaling involving cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators, and (4) Resolution of Inflammation involving anti-inflammatory signals and tissue repair.
Inflammation bioxpedia.com 2 facts
claimMany different cell types secrete chemokines to attract immune cells to the site of infection or injury during innate and adaptive immune responses.
claimCytokines and chemokines are small signaling proteins secreted primarily by immune cells that coordinate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation.
What are Cytokines? Types & Function - Cleveland Clinic my.clevelandclinic.org Jan 3, 2023 2 facts
Medicinal plants and human health: a comprehensive review of ... link.springer.com Nov 5, 2025 1 fact
claimCurcuminoids and gingerols inhibit Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunits, thereby decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.