concept

biofilm formation

Also known as: biofilm development, biofilm production

Facts (10)

Sources

Medicinal plants: bioactive compounds, biological activities ... frontiersin.org Frontiers in Immunology 7 facts

procedureBiofilm development occurs in stages: (i) free-living (planktonic) cells attach to a pre-conditioned surface via random propulsion, chemotaxis, or motion, which is initially reversible and influenced by physical and chemical variables; (ii) cells permanently attach using adhesion proteins like fimbriae, followed by the emergence of internal linkages and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) composed of polysaccharides (e.g., colonic acid, chitosan, alginate), enzymes, RNA, DNA, nutrients, proteins, and surfactants; (iii) the biofilm community undergoes microbial proliferation and communication via chemical signaling, resulting in micro-colony growth.

referenceSauer K, Stoodley P, Goeres DM, Hall-Stoodley L, Burmølle M, Stewart PS, et al. published 'The biofilm life cycle: Expanding the conceptual model of biofilm formation' in the journal Nature Reviews Microbiology in 2022 (Volume 20, Pages 608–20).

claimEl-Shiekh et al. investigated the efficacy of Caralluma quadrangular extracts (MeOH, CH2Cl2, and n-butanol) against MDR MRSA USA300 and A. baumannii AB5057, finding that the MeOH extract and both fractions demonstrated a significant decrease in biofilm formation in vitro.

claimThe presence of foreign elements like medical devices facilitates bacterial colonization and biofilm development, which restricts the effectiveness of systemic antibiotic therapy.

claimTranscriptional analysis demonstrated that (+)-nootkatone inhibits the expression of genes associated with biofilm development, including Sara, icaA, Agra, RNAIII, and spa.

claimEugenol derived from Syzygium aromaticum (clove) exhibits antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and MRSA clinical isolates, and it impedes biofilm production.

claimPhenotypic antibiotic resistance occurs without genetic changes and arises from a microorganism's physiological state and survival strategies, manifesting through mechanisms such as drug indifference, biofilm formation, persistence, inoculum size effects, and metabolic-state-dependent alterations in antibiotic susceptibility.

The role of extremophile microbiomes in terraforming Mars - Nature nature.com Nature Nov 17, 2025 2 facts

claimIn natural extreme environments on Earth, microbial survival often relies on community-level properties like metabolic cooperation (syntrophy), biofilm formation, horizontal gene transfer, hibernation, and quorum sensing rather than individual robustness.

claimMicrobial complementarity through multiple functional traits such as biofilm formation, carbon and nitrogen fixation, and phosphorus solubilization contributes to microbial colonization, whereas single strains often have difficulties establishing themselves alone.

Medicinal plants and human health: a comprehensive review of ... link.springer.com Springer Nov 5, 2025 1 fact

claimCurcumin, derived from Turmeric (Curcuma longa), compromises bacterial membrane integrity and biofilm formation.