Knowledge Tree
axons
Facts (19)
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Branching morphology determines signal propagation dynamics in ... nature.com Aug 21, 2017 9 facts
claimProposed explanations for non-symmetric conduction patterns in axons include high axial resistivity at one daughter branch, ion concentration fluctuations, and external noise.
claimIn axons with high geometric ratios that still allow propagation, reflection can occur where one action potential spike continues into the daughter branches while another spike reverses into the mother branch.
claimThe study modeled axons as homogenous cylinders with sealed end boundary conditions.
claimResponses in daughter branches of axons are identical if the geometrical ratio (GR) is the same, regardless of differences in the radii of the branches.
claimPrevious theoretical studies predicted symmetrical responses in the two daughter branches of axons, but experimental studies have demonstrated non-symmetric conductions.
claimAsymmetric response in axons emerges using high-frequency stimulation in a setup consisting of a symmetric branched axon concatenated to a linear unbranched segment.
claimSpike failures in axons occur close to the upstream stimulation point.
claimReflection spikes in axons can collide with and annihilate the subsequent action potential spike.
claimTraditionally, axons were treated as simple cable elements where spikes that failed to propagate were considered axonal dysfunction, but recent interpretations view these dynamics as a possible mechanism for information coding.
Thinking about the action potential: the nerve signal as a window to ... frontiersin.org 5 facts
claimXu et al. (2013) reported that Na+ ion channels are distributed in axons in a periodic pattern that correlates with cytoskeletal rings of actin and spectrin, indicating a direct functional or structural interaction between these cytoskeletal filaments and membrane-anchored ion channel proteins.
referenceXu, Zhong, and Zhuang (2013) published research in the journal Science stating that actin, spectrin, and associated proteins form a periodic cytoskeletal structure in axons.
claimAdrian (1932) introduced the concept of neurons as digital information processors, where action potentials serve as the mechanism for integrating incoming information and communicating it along axons to axon terminals.
referenceFollmann, R., Rosa, E., and Stein, W. (2015) published 'Dynamics of signal propagation and collision in axons' in Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys., detailing the mechanics of how signals propagate and collide in axons.
claimIchiji Tasaki argued that the structural change in the cortical gel layer of axons, occurring as a propagating volume phase transition, participates in the voltage transition during excitation and is responsible for the reversible swelling of the axon and the temperature rise that accompanies nerve signals.
Human body systems: Overview, anatomy, functions | Kenhub kenhub.com 3 facts
claimWhite matter is composed of axons that combine to form neural pathways.
claimThe central nervous system is composed of neurons and their processes, known as axons.
claimWhite matter in the human nervous system consists of axons that form neural pathways, serving as the conduit for instructions traveling from the gray matter toward organs.