Knowledge Tree
anthropogenic climate change
Also known as: anthropogenic climate change, anthropogenic environmental change, Anthropogenic Climate Change, ACC, anthropogenic global warming, human-induced climate change
Facts (53)
Sources
Scientific consensus on climate change - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 19 facts
claimJames Lawrence Powell published a study in the Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society in 2019 asserting that scientists have reached a 100% consensus on anthropogenic global warming.
measurementA 2010 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America analyzed publication and citation data for 1,372 climate researchers and found that 97–98% of the most actively publishing climate researchers support the tenets of Anthropogenic Climate Change (ACC) as outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
measurementJames L. Powell analyzed five surveys of peer-reviewed literature from 1991 to 2015, comprising 54,195 articles, and calculated an average consensus of 99.94% regarding anthropogenic climate change.
claimThe 2010 study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America found that the relative climate expertise and scientific prominence of researchers unconvinced of Anthropogenic Climate Change are substantially below that of the researchers who are convinced of it.
measurementA follow-up analysis of 9,136 authors of 2,258 peer-reviewed articles published between November 2012 and December 2013 revealed that only one author rejected anthropogenic global warming.
measurementAmong 79 climatologists who published over half of their peer-reviewed research on climate change, 76 agreed that mean global temperatures had risen compared to pre-1800s levels, and 75 described human activity as a significant factor.
measurementA 2010 paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America found that 97–98% of the climate researchers most actively publishing in the field support the tenets of Anthropogenic Climate Change (ACC) as outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
measurementJames L. Powell surveyed over 11,600 peer-reviewed articles published in the first seven months of 2019 and found that the scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change had reached 100%.
claimJohn Cook and his co-authors concluded that the number of papers rejecting the consensus on anthropogenic global warming is a vanishingly small proportion of published research and that the fundamental science of anthropogenic global warming is no longer controversial among the publishing science community.
measurementOf the 928 scientific papers on 'global climate change' analyzed by Naomi Oreskes, 75% explicitly supported the scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change or accepted it as a given, while 25% focused on research methods or paleoclimate analysis; no abstract explicitly rejected the scientific consensus.
quoteJohn Cook and his co-authors concluded that the fundamental science of anthropogenic global warming is no longer controversial among the publishing science community, stating: "the fundamental science of AGW is no longer controversial among the publishing science community and the remaining debate in the field has moved on to other topics."
measurementIn a self-rating survey of authors, 35.5% of authors rated their own papers as expressing no position on anthropogenic global warming, while 97.2% of the remaining authors endorsed the consensus position.
claimJames Powell asserted that scientists have reached 100% consensus on anthropogenic global warming in a paper published in the Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society in 2019.
referenceJames Lawrence Powell published 'The Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming Matters' in the Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society on May 24, 2017.
claimThe 2010 paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America found that the relative climate expertise and scientific prominence of researchers unconvinced of Anthropogenic Climate Change are substantially below that of the researchers who are convinced.
measurementJohn Cook and his co-authors found that 66.4% of the 11,944 abstracts examined expressed no position on anthropogenic global warming, but of those that did express a position, 97.1% endorsed the consensus that humans are contributing to global warming.
measurementJames L. Powell, a former member of the National Science Board, analyzed 13,950 peer-reviewed articles published between 1991 and 2012 and found that only 24 articles (less than 0.2%) rejected anthropogenic global warming.
referenceIn 2013, John Cook analyzed 11,944 peer-reviewed abstracts from 1991 to 2011 and found that 97.1% of papers expressing a position on anthropogenic global warming endorsed the consensus that humans are contributing to global warming.
referenceRichard S. J. Tol published a comment on the 2013 study 'Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature' in Environmental Research Letters on April 1, 2016.
Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in ... iopscience.iop.org Oct 19, 2021 13 facts
perspectiveThe authors of the paper believe there is a stronger case for using a broader approach to measuring consensus because Anthropogenic Climate Change (ACC) has become widely accepted in peer-reviewed literature.
measurementPredictive keywords identified 28 papers from a full dataset of 88,125 that appeared implicitly or explicitly skeptical of anthropogenic climate change (ACC).
claimThe authors of the paper note that relying solely on specific wording regarding emissions scenarios or human causation in abstracts to determine adherence to the consensus on Anthropogenic Climate Change (ACC) could lead to arbitrary results.
claimThe authors of the current paper argue that it is unlikely that researchers skeptical of Anthropogenic Climate Change would publish numerous studies on climate impacts without questioning attribution.
claimThere is no significant scientific debate among experts regarding whether climate change is human-caused, and the reality of anthropogenic climate change (ACC) is as settled among scientists as plate tectonics or evolution.
measurementThe researchers identified 28 sceptical papers after manually reviewing the 1000 studies that their keyword matching software flagged as most likely to be sceptical out of a total dataset of 88,125 papers.
measurementThe study estimated the proportion of consensus papers regarding Anthropogenic Climate Change to be 99.85%, calculated as 1 - (4/2718).
measurementWhen excluding papers that take no position on Anthropogenic Global Warming, the researchers estimated the proportion of consensus papers to be 99.53%, with a 95% confidence interval of 98.80%–99.87%.
measurementThe scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change (ACC) is at most 99.966%, based on the finding that at least 31 papers out of a dataset of 88,125 are skeptical.
measurementAfter excluding non-scientific papers, the researchers assessed a total of 2718 papers to determine the level of scientific consensus on Anthropogenic Climate Change.
claimWhile Cook et al. (2013) define consensus narrowly as explicit or implicit agreement, a broader definition of consensus can be employed which defines it as a lack of objection to a prevailing position or worldview.
measurementThe 95% confidence interval for the proportion of consensus papers regarding Anthropogenic Climate Change is 99.62%–99.96%.
measurementA study of 1,000 abstracts in peer-reviewed scientific literature categorized the level of endorsement for anthropogenic climate change (ACC), finding 7 abstracts with explicit endorsement with quantification, 69 with explicit endorsement without quantification, 134 with implicit endorsement, 760 with no position, 2 with uncertain positions, 18 with implicit rejection, 6 with explicit rejection without quantification, and 4 with explicit rejection with quantification.
More than 99.9% of studies agree: Humans caused climate change news.cornell.edu Oct 19, 2021 4 facts
measurementA 2013 study found that 97% of climate-related studies published between 1991 and 2012 supported the idea that human activities are altering Earth’s climate.
claimA 2021 Gallup poll indicated a deepening partisan divide in American politics regarding whether human activity is the primary cause of rising global temperatures since the Industrial Revolution.
perspectiveMark Lynas stated that the current findings regarding scientific consensus on human influence on climate change resolve uncertainty that may have persisted following a 2013 study which found 97% consensus.
quoteMark Lynas stated regarding the scientific consensus on human influence on climate change: 'This pretty much should be the last word.'
ESS Subtopic 6.2: Climate change – Causes and Impacts mrgscience.com 3 facts
claimThere is a general scientific consensus that anthropogenic (human-induced) climate change is real.
quoteThe film/documentary mentioned in the source text poses the following ethical question: "Given the general scientific consensus that anthropogenic (human induced) climate change is real, are we ethically obliged to take action to stop it?"
claimLong-term graphs of atmospheric and oceanic carbon dioxide levels provide evidence for anthropogenic global warming and ocean acidification.
Isn't there a lot of disagreement among climate scientists about ... climate.gov Feb 3, 2020 3 facts
measurementA 2021 paper found a greater than 99-percent consensus among peer-reviewed climate research that human activity is causing climate change.
referenceCook et al. (2013) quantified the scientific consensus on anthropogenic global warming by analyzing the scientific literature, finding a high level of agreement.
measurementA 2016 review paper summarized several independent studies on peer-reviewed climate research and found a 97-percent consensus that human activity is causing climate change.
Misleading U.S. Department of Energy climate report chooses bias ... science.feedback.org Aug 5, 2025 3 facts
claimAnthropogenic climate change impacts exacerbate summer forest fires in California, according to a 2023 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
claimA fingerprint of anthropogenic climate change has been detected in long-term western North American fire weather trends, as reported by Queen et al. in a 2025 study in Nature Communications Earth and Environment.
referenceWilliams et al. (2019) published 'Observed Impacts of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Wildfire in California' in Earth’s Future.
Scientific Consensus - NASA Science science.nasa.gov Oct 21, 2024 2 facts
referenceJ. Cook et al. published 'Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature' in Environmental Research Letters (Vol. 8, No. 2) on May 15, 2013.
referenceJ. Cook et al. published 'Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature' in Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 8 No. 2, on May 15, 2013.
A comprehensive overview on demand side energy management ... link.springer.com Mar 13, 2023 1 fact
claimConventional energy sources, such as diesel, gas, microturbines, and combustion turbines, are constrained by high production costs, transmission loss, anthropogenic climate change, the greenhouse effect, and acid rain according to Bongomin and Nziu (2022).
Comprehensive Overview on the Present State and Evolution of ... link.springer.com Aug 9, 2024 1 fact
claimHeavy precipitation events, which are a primary factor in flooding, have increased in recent times, particularly in numerous regions of the Northern Hemisphere due to human-induced climate change and the escalation of greenhouse gas emissions.
Compendium Vol. 5 No. 1: The ecological role of native plants bio4climate.org 1 fact
claimAnthropogenic environmental change and global dispersal of species outside their native ranges have expanded the range of cosmopolitan, non-native species while shrinking the range of regional and endemic species.
Wild edible plants for food security, dietary diversity, and nutraceuticals frontiersin.org Nov 27, 2025 1 fact
claimAnthropogenic climate change is a threat to wild edible plant resources, as reported by Shirsat and Koche (2024).
Ancient Roots of Today's Emerging Renaissance in ... link.springer.com 1 fact
claimWatts et al. (2017) suggest that patients might emerge from psychedelic therapy feeling a greater sense of purpose, renewed solidarity and interdependence with others, and unity with a planet destabilized by anthropogenic climate change.
DOE reframes climate consensus as a debate - E&E News eenews.net Jul 31, 2025 1 fact
perspectiveThe ultimate goal of the DOE report, according to co-author Judith Curry, is “breaking the link between energy policy and human-caused climate change, whereby anthropogenic climate change currently ‘mandates’ emissions targets, preferred energy production methods, etc.”