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The cervix is lined by squamous epithelium on the ectocervix and columnar (glandular) epithelium in the endocervical canal, meeting at the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ). The transformation zone (TZ) is the area between the original and new SCJ where glandular and squamous cells meet; this region is prone to abnormal cell growth and is significant in cervical cancer screening and HPV-related disease management.

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