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The current forward contamination requirement for space missions originated in 1963 when Leonard Jaffe of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory presented a study based on two rationales: the high likelihood of failure for life-detecting missions to Mars at that time, and the assessment that robotic spacecraft pose a lower contamination risk to Mars than human landings.
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Sources
- Putting the Ethics into Planetary Protection | News | Astrobiology astrobiology.nasa.gov via serper
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- Mars location