The Tallinn Manual states that cyber information gathering performed from outside the territory controlled by an adverse party is not considered cyber espionage, though it may be punishable under the domestic criminal law of the affected State or the neutral State from which the activity originated.

Authors

• Person: Not available Organization: Chicago Journal of International Law
  Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era

Sources

• Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era cjil.uchicago.edu Chicago Journal of International Law via serper

Referenced by nodes (2)

• cyber espionage concept
• Tallinn Manual concept