Choi et al. (2025) proposed the KDS framework, which quantifies contamination by measuring the change in the similarity structure of sample embeddings in the model’s representation space before and after fine-tuning, rather than using simple text matching.

Authors

• Person: Not available Organization: arXiv
  A Survey on the Theory and Mechanism of Large Language Models

Sources

• A Survey on the Theory and Mechanism of Large Language Models arxiv.org arXiv via serper

Referenced by nodes (1)

• fine-tuning concept