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The article 'Supporting the Transition to Climate-Neutral Production: An Evaluation Under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures' analyzes three specific support schemes: (i) free allocation under emissions trading systems for operators at risk of carbon leakage; (ii) the combination of a charge on carbon-intensive materials with free allocation; and (iii) carbon contracts for difference, where governments cover the incremental costs of climate-neutral production relative to conventional processes.

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