The European Union's Open Strategic Autonomy (OSA) is the primary strategy for ensuring economic sovereignty, having been upgraded following the 2023 Gaza War and the 2025 “Trump II” trade shocks.

Authors

• Person: Eugenia Baroncelli Organization: Global Policy Journal
  The EU's Open Strategic Autonomy and the challenge of ...

Sources

• The EU's Open Strategic Autonomy and the challenge of ... www.globalpolicyjournal.com Eugenia Baroncelli · Global Policy Journal via serper

Referenced by nodes (3)

• Open Strategic Autonomy concept
• European Union entity
• 2023 Gaza War event