After reviewing 35 studies conducted between 1983 and 2006, Chida and Steptoe concluded that anger and hostility are serious long-term risk factors for adverse cardiovascular outcomes in both healthy individuals and those already suffering from heart disease.

Authors

• Person: Not available Organization: CUNY Pressbooks
  Stress, Lifestyle, and Health – Psychology 2e OpenStax

Sources

• Stress, Lifestyle, and Health – Psychology 2e OpenStax pressbooks.cuny.edu CUNY Pressbooks via serper

Referenced by nodes (3)

• heart disease concept
• anger concept
• hostility concept