procedure
The procedure for determining saponin content in plant samples involves combining 5 g of dried leaf powder with 50 mL of 20% ethanol, agitating for 30 minutes, heating in a water bath at 55 °C for 4 hours, filtering, performing a second extraction on the residue with 200 mL of 20% aqueous ethanol, merging and concentrating the filtrates to 40 mL at 90 °C, adding 20 mL of diethyl ether to the concentrate in a separating funnel, removing the ether layer, adding 60 mL of n-butanol to the aqueous layer, keeping the n-butanol layer, rinsing it twice with 10 mL of 5% aqueous sodium chloride, and evaporating the solution to dryness at 40 °C.

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