procedure
For mean comparisons, the study used parametric univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student’s t-test when data met assumptions of normality (verified by residuals skewness, kurtosis, and Q-Q plots) and homoscedasticity (verified by Levene’s test), and used nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis tests with post-hoc Dunn’s test and Bonferroni adjustment when assumptions were not met.

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