Prior to the cyber era, intelligence agencies were required to have sufficient suspicion of a target ex ante before engaging in espionage because wide-scale information collection was costly or cumbersome.

Authors

• Person: Not available Organization: Chicago Journal of International Law
  Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era

Sources

• Rethinking Espionage in the Modern Era cjil.uchicago.edu Chicago Journal of International Law via serper

Referenced by nodes (2)

• espionage concept
• intelligence agencies concept