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In a hypothetical scenario, if Jill purchases a stock for $10 and dies when it is worth $50, her heir Jack inherits the stock at the $50 value. If Jack sells the stock for $55, he only pays capital gains taxes on the $5 gain that occurred after Jill's death, while the $40 gain that occurred during Jill's lifetime is never subject to income taxes due to the step-up in basis.

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