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related 4.00 — strongly supporting 15 facts
Progesterone and estradiol are both primary sex hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle [1] and are secreted by the ovaries under the influence of LH and FSH [2]. Their levels are closely linked throughout the luteal phase {fact:2, fact:10, fact:13}, with progesterone acting to modulate the biologic activity of estradiol on the endometrium [3] and potentially inhibiting its synthesis {fact:5, fact:8}.
Facts (15)
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The Normal Menstrual Cycle and the Control of Ovulation - NCBI - NIH ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 11 facts
claimAn increase in GnRH pulsatile secretion, secondary to a decline in both estradiol and progesterone levels, contributes to the elevation of FSH levels in the late luteal phase.
procedureProgesterone decreases the biologic activity of estradiol on the endometrium during the luteal phase by decreasing the concentration of estradiol receptors, increasing the enzymatic activity of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (which converts estradiol to estrone), and increasing the activity of estrone sulfotransferase.
claimIn the late luteal phase, FSH levels are influenced by an increase in GnRH pulsatile secretion, which occurs secondary to a decline in both estradiol and progesterone levels.
claimThe secretion of progesterone and estradiol during the luteal phase is episodic and correlates closely with pulses of Luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion.
measurementPeak vascularization of the corpus luteum is achieved eight or nine days after ovulation, which corresponds to the time of expected implantation and peak serum levels of progesterone and estradiol.
claimThe secretion of progesterone and estradiol during the luteal phase is episodic and correlates closely with pulses of LH secretion.
claimIn the presence of estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the formation of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors on granulosa cells, allowing for the secretion of small quantities of progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), which may exert a positive feedback on the estrogen-primed pituitary to augment LH release.
measurementPeak vascularization of the corpus luteum is achieved approximately eight or nine days after ovulation, which corresponds to the time of expected implantation and peak serum levels of progesterone and estradiol.
claimThe secondary rise in estradiol during the mid-luteal phase parallels the rise of serum progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone levels.
referenceSherman B.M., West J.H., and Korenman S.G. published a 1976 study in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism analyzing LH, FSH, estradiol, and progesterone concentrations during the menstrual cycles of older women.
claimEstradiol levels fall dramatically immediately prior to the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak, potentially due to LH downregulation of its own receptor or direct inhibition of estradiol synthesis by progesterone.
Unknown source 3 facts
measurementPeak serum levels of progesterone and estradiol occur approximately eight or nine days after ovulation.
claimThe pre-ovulatory fall in estradiol may be caused by luteinizing hormone (LH) downregulation of its own receptor or by direct inhibition of estradiol synthesis by progesterone.
claimThe menstrual cycle is regulated by the hormones GnRH, FSH, LH, estradiol, and progesterone.
Female Reproductive Endocrinology - Gynecology and Obstetrics merckmanuals.com 1 fact
claimLuteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) promote ovulation and stimulate the ovaries to secrete the sex hormones estradiol (an estrogen) and progesterone.