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Dualism and materialism are both fundamental philosophical perspectives used to categorize theories of consciousness and the mind-body problem, as evidenced by their frequent comparison in academic discourse [1], [2], and [3]. They are often contrasted as opposing ontological models [4], [5], and [6], and are frequently discussed together as the primary frameworks that alternative theories like panpsychism seek to address [7], [8], and [9].
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Panpsychism - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org 4 facts
perspectiveDavid Chalmers and Philip Goff describe panpsychism as an alternative to both materialism and dualism.
perspectiveDavid Chalmers calls panpsychism an alternative to both materialism and dualism.
referenceDavid Chalmers's 2015 argument for the mind-body problem consists of: (1) Thesis: materialism is true; everything is fundamentally physical. (2) Antithesis: dualism is true; not everything is fundamentally physical. (3) Synthesis: panpsychism is true.
quoteJohn R. Searle stated in 'Consciousness and Language' (p. 47): 'Dualism makes the problem insoluble; materialism denies the existence of any phenomenon to study, and hence of any problem.'
Critique of Panpsychism: Philosophical Coherence and Scientific ... thequran.love 3 facts
referenceThe Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on 'Panpsychism' by D. Skrbina provides a historical survey of the topic, quotes Leibniz and other thinkers, and identifies panpsychism as a 'third way' between dualism and materialism.
claimMaterialism assumes that physical structure is all that exists, dualism assumes the existence of two substances, and panpsychism assumes an underlying continuity of mind in matter.
claimScience writer Olivia Goldhill observes that the resurgence of panpsychism is driven by the view that traditional approaches to consciousness, specifically materialism and dualism, continue to struggle with the subject.
Mind and Consciousness - St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology saet.ac.uk 3 facts
quoteDean Zimmerman wrote: "A serious philosophical debate about the relative merits of dualism and materialism will seem anachronistic to some. But really, it should need no defense. Dualism has arguably been the majority view for as long as we have records about such things; and perhaps, given the way our minds work, it is inevitable that we will continue to think of ourselves in dualistic ways. As the default assumption of humankind, dualism surely deserves philosophical scrutiny."
claimThe terms 'dualism', 'materialism', 'physicalism', 'hylomorphism', 'panpsychism', 'holism', and 'idealism' were unknown to biblical authors and early Christian theologians.
claimContemporary theological and philosophical debates regarding mind and consciousness utilize terms such as dualism, materialism/physicalism, hylomorphism, panpsychism, holism, and idealism.
Dualism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Winter 2016 Edition) plato.stanford.edu 2 facts
The Hard Problem of Consciousness | Springer Nature Link link.springer.com 1 fact
claimOntological models regarding the hard problem of consciousness can be classified into monist ontologies and dualisms, with monisms further divided into materialisms and idealisms, and dualisms into substance dualisms and aspect dualisms.
What are the major theories of consciousness? How do materialism ... facebook.com 1 fact
claimMaterialism, dualism, panpsychism, and idealism are four philosophical perspectives used to compare theories of consciousness.
David Chalmers Thinks the Hard Problem Is Really Hard scientificamerican.com 1 fact
perspectiveDavid Chalmers suggests that even with a theory of consciousness, metaphysical debates regarding materialism, dualism, and whether consciousness is fundamental would likely persist.