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Consciousness and the self are deeply intertwined in philosophical and psychological discourse, where consciousness is often defined as the awareness of the self [1], [2], or conversely, the self is viewed as a construct emergent from or unified by consciousness [3], [4], [5]. Various theories debate whether the self is a necessary component of conscious experience [6], [7], [8] or if the self can exist independently of conscious states [9].
Facts (15)
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Self-Consciousness - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy plato.stanford.edu 3 facts
referenceJonardon Ganeri authored the book 'The Self: Consciousness, Naturalism, and the First-Person Stance', published by Oxford University Press in 2012.
claimDavid Hume argues that when he examines his own consciousness, he never encounters a 'self' but only stumbles upon particular perceptions such as heat, cold, light, shade, love, hatred, pain, or pleasure.
claimImmanuel Kant argues that a subject must be able to comprehend their manifold representations in a single consciousness to call them their own, otherwise the self would be as diverse as the representations themselves.
Dualism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Winter 2016 Edition) plato.stanford.edu 3 facts
claimJohn Foster argues that defining the self through consciousness is an attempt to explain what the immaterial self is 'made of,' which incorrectly assimilates the self toward a physical substance model.
claimGeorge Berkeley argued that while the self and its acts are not presented to consciousness as objects of awareness, humans are obliquely aware of them by being active subjects.
claimRobinson proposed that the self's continued existence is not invalidated by its lack of consciousness at certain moments in the time series.
Consciousness (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Fall 2025 ... plato.stanford.edu 2 facts
claimThe Multiple Drafts Model (MDM) account of consciousness posits that conscious contents are unified and coherent at the level of content, which creates the experience of a single virtual self, rather than contents being unified because they are observed by a single self.
claimThe Multiple Drafts Model (MDM) shares elements with higher-order theories of consciousness because the contents composing the serial narrative are implicitly those of an ongoing virtual self, which are the contents most likely to be expressed in reports of conscious states.
(PDF) Levels of consciousness and self-awareness - Academia.edu academia.edu 1 fact
referenceZelazo and Sommerville (2001) examined levels of consciousness of the self in time.
Theories and Methods of Consciousness biomedres.us 1 fact
claimConsciousness is defined as the subjective awareness of phenomenal experiences, including ideology, language, self, feelings, choice, control of voluntary behavior, and thoughts regarding internal and external worlds.
Evolutionary Trajectories of Consciousness: From Biological ... - MDPI mdpi.com 1 fact
perspectiveThe authors of the review 'Evolutionary Trajectories of Consciousness: From Biological ...' propose that consciousness should be treated as an emergent, goal-directed informational system organized by the subjective 'self' acting as an active system.
The Hard Problem of Consciousness | Springer Nature Link link.springer.com 1 fact
perspectiveDefining consciousness as the phenomenal character of conscious states avoids the Cartesian identification of consciousness with the self, thereby bypassing criticism directed at the Cartesian self.
Consciousness | Springer Nature Link link.springer.com 1 fact
claimIn contemporary usage, consciousness describes the experience of 'self' as distinct from the external environment.
The function(s) of consciousness: an evolutionary perspective frontiersin.org 1 fact
claimIn a modular consciousness model, incorporating new contents involves replicating the basic module, a process that also applies to consciousness-related subprocesses like the self.
Chapter 5 - Asian perspectives: Indian theories of mind cambridge.org 1 fact
claimThe Indian tradition of philosophy includes accounts of the mind and consciousness that do not posit the existence of a self.